Bahamas Facts

Bahamas, State of the Caribbean; 14,000 km², 386,000 residents (2019).The Bahamas consists of approximately 700 coral islands spread over a wide band that extends more than 800 km between Florida and Haiti. Among the larger islands are Andros (5,960 km ² ), Great Abaco (1,680 km ² ) and Grand Bahama (1,370 km ² ). The capital is Nassau (246,300 residents, 2011), located on the island of New Providence.

Country facts

• The Commonwealth of The Bahamas / Commonwealth Bahamas
• Country abbreviation: BS
• Area: 14 000 km²
• Population (2019): 386,000 residents
• Capital: Nassau
• Main language: English
• State: Monarchy
• Head of State: Elizabeth II (Queen)
• Head of Government: Hubert Minnis
• Per capita GDP (2016): US $ 23,124
• GNI per capita (2016): US $ 26,490
• Currency unit: 1 Bahamian dollar = 100 cents
• Currency code: BSD
• Country number (telephony): 1
• Internet Domain Name: bs
• Time difference compared to Sweden: −6
• National Day: July 10 (Independence Day, 1973)

Population

• Population density (2019): 28 residents per km²
• Natural population growth (2019): 0.7%; birth rate 14 ‰, death rate 7 ‰
• Age structure (2019): 0-14 years (23%), 15-64 (70%), 65- (7%)
• Average life expectancy (2019): men 71 years, women 76 years
• Infant mortality (2019): 6 per 1,000 live births
• Population forecast 2050: 400,000 residents
• HDI (2017): 0.807 (place 54 of 189)
• Urbanization rate (2019): 83%
• Most populous city (2011): Nassau (246,300 residents)

Business

• Industry’s contribution to GDP (2017): agriculture (2%), industry (8%), service (90%)
• Exports (2017): US $ 880 million
• Main export products: seafood, minerals and salt, chemicals
• Main exporting countries: USA, Namibia
• Imports (2017): US $ 3 180 million
• Main import products: machinery, transport, food
• Main importing countries: USA, India
• Railway network: nothing in operation

Geography

Location and Borders

The Bahamas is an archipelago of 700 islands and over 2,000 cays (small islands), located in the Caribbean region of the Atlantic Ocean. Situated to the southeast of Florida, the Bahamas lies to the northeast of Cuba and to the west of Haiti. Its geographical position places it between the U.S. and the Caribbean, making it an important hub for maritime trade and tourism. The country stretches over approximately 100,000 square miles of ocean, although the landmass itself only covers around 5,358 square miles. The islands are scattered over a large area, with the total distance between the northernmost and southernmost points of the archipelago reaching about 760 miles.

Topography and Natural Features

The Bahamas is predominantly flat, with no mountains and only slight elevation changes across the islands. The highest point in the country is Mount Alvernia on Cat Island, which rises to just 63 meters (207 feet). The islands are composed mainly of limestone, with many of the cays formed by coral reefs. The Bahamas is famous for its clear turquoise waters, sandy beaches, and extensive coral reefs, making it a prime destination for tourists seeking natural beauty.

The country’s marine environment is a major feature, with the surrounding waters known for their marine biodiversity. The Bahamas has the third-largest barrier reef system in the world, and its waters are home to various species of fish, sharks, and marine life. The Exuma Cays Land and Sea Park, a protected area, is one of the oldest marine protected areas in the world. The islands are also known for their blue holes—underwater sinkholes—created by collapsed cave systems, which have drawn divers from around the globe.

Waterways

The Bahamas is surrounded by significant bodies of water, including the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Gulf Stream to the west. Its proximity to these waters has shaped its maritime economy and culture. The islands are connected by a network of small, often shallow, channels and deep-water channels that facilitate both the movement of marine traffic and local fishing activities. The country’s well-established ports, such as Nassau, serve as vital nodes for shipping and tourism.

Climate

Tropical Climate

The Bahamas has a tropical climate, characterized by warm temperatures year-round and distinct wet and dry seasons. Average temperatures in the summer range from 80°F to 90°F (27°C to 32°C), while in the winter, the temperature generally ranges from 65°F to 75°F (18°C to 24°C), making it an attractive year-round destination for tourists. The islands enjoy abundant sunshine and mild breezes, especially during the dry season, which runs from November to April.

Hurricane Season

Despite its overall pleasant climate, the Bahamas is vulnerable to hurricanes, particularly during the Atlantic hurricane season, which spans from June to November. The islands are situated in a hurricane-prone zone, and several storms have had significant impacts on the country over the years. Hurricanes can cause substantial damage to infrastructure and disrupt daily life. However, the government and local communities have developed extensive disaster preparedness and recovery strategies to mitigate these risks.

Precipitation Patterns

The rainy season typically lasts from May to October, with the highest rainfall occurring in the summer months. Rainfall is often in the form of heavy, short bursts, but the amount of precipitation varies between the islands. The central and southern islands tend to experience more consistent rainfall than the northern islands. As a result of the tropical climate, the Bahamas supports lush vegetation, especially in areas that are not heavily developed or urbanized.

People

Population

The Bahamas has a population of around 400,000 people, making it one of the smaller nations in the Caribbean region. The population is concentrated on the islands of New Providence, where the capital city of Nassau is located, and Grand Bahama. Nassau is the most populous city, and it is home to more than half of the country’s total population. Other significant settlements include Freeport, Marsh Harbour, and Exuma.

Although the population is relatively small, the Bahamas has a diverse demographic, with a mix of Afro-Bahamian, European, and other ethnic backgrounds. The majority of Bahamians are of African descent, a legacy of the transatlantic slave trade. The country also has small communities of people with European, Caribbean, and other international origins.

Languages

The official language of the Bahamas is English, and it is widely spoken throughout the country. English is used in government, education, business, and media. However, a unique variety of English known as Bahamian Creole (often referred to as “Bahama” or “Bahamian dialect”) is commonly spoken in informal settings. This dialect incorporates elements of African, English, and Caribbean languages and reflects the country’s cultural heritage. In addition to English and Bahamian Creole, some Bahamians also speak other languages, particularly in immigrant communities, including Haitian Creole and Spanish.

Religion

Christianity is the dominant religion in the Bahamas, with a significant proportion of the population adhering to various Protestant denominations. The Anglican Church of the Bahamas is the largest Christian denomination, followed by other Protestant groups, including Baptists, Methodists, and Pentecostals. Catholicism is also practiced by a smaller portion of the population. Religious practices play an important role in Bahamian society, and many national holidays, such as Christmas and Easter, are celebrated with church services and community events.

Economy

Overview

The economy of the Bahamas is heavily dependent on two key sectors: tourism and financial services. The country’s proximity to the United States and its beautiful natural scenery make it one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Caribbean. Nassau, Freeport, and other islands attract millions of visitors each year for their pristine beaches, water activities, luxury resorts, and cultural heritage. Tourism accounts for a large portion of the country’s GDP and employment.

In addition to tourism, the Bahamas has a well-established offshore financial services sector, which offers banking, insurance, and investment services to international clients. This sector has contributed significantly to the country’s economy, attracting businesses seeking a favorable tax environment and regulatory framework.

Natural Resources and Agriculture

The Bahamas does not have a substantial agricultural sector, as much of the land is too arid or insufficiently fertile for large-scale farming. However, the country does produce some food crops, such as citrus fruits, vegetables, and fish, which are important for local consumption. The fishing industry is a vital part of the Bahamian economy, with the country being one of the world’s leading exporters of conch, lobster, and fish.

The Bahamas also benefits from its natural beauty, which supports the tourism and hospitality industries. The islands are known for their coral reefs, marine life, and tropical landscapes, which attract visitors year-round. However, overfishing and environmental degradation pose challenges to the sustainability of marine resources, making conservation efforts a key focus for the country.

Trade and Investment

The Bahamas’ location and favorable climate have made it an attractive destination for foreign investment, particularly in the tourism and real estate sectors. The country imports most of its goods, including food, machinery, and fuel, as it does not have significant manufacturing industries. Its primary export commodities are salt, oil, and agricultural products, particularly seafood.

The Bahamas’ membership in regional organizations, such as the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), provides it with economic and trade ties to other countries in the region, while its offshore financial services sector allows for international trade and investment. The country also maintains close economic relationships with the United States, its largest trading partner.

Government

Political System

The Bahamas is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy, and its head of state is the monarch of the United Kingdom. As a member of the Commonwealth, the Bahamian government operates under the framework of the British system, with the Queen of the United Kingdom serving as the ceremonial head of state. The day-to-day governance is carried out by elected officials, and the Prime Minister is the head of government.

The Bahamas has a bicameral parliament, consisting of the House of Assembly and the Senate. Members of the House of Assembly are elected by the public, while Senators are appointed by the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition. The political system is based on the principles of representative democracy, with regular elections to choose the government.

Legal System

The legal system of the Bahamas is based on English common law, with elements of local statutory law. The country has an independent judiciary, and its legal system is overseen by the Supreme Court, which is the highest court in the country. The Bahamas is a member of several international legal organizations, including the United Nations and the Commonwealth of Nations, and its legal framework is designed to align with global norms on human rights, trade, and justice.

Foreign Relations

The Bahamas maintains a neutral foreign policy and has good relations with its neighbors, including the United States, Cuba, and the Caribbean nations. The country is a member of several international organizations, including the United Nations and the Organization of American States. The Bahamas is also a signatory to various treaties on trade, environment, and security, and it plays an active role in regional affairs.

Culture

Arts and Music

Bahamian culture is a vibrant blend of African, European, and indigenous influences. This cultural mix is evident in the country’s music, art, literature, and food. The Bahamas has a rich musical heritage, with genres like Junkanoo, a traditional Afro-Bahamian festival music that is performed with drums, whistles, and horns, playing a central role in cultural expression. Bahamians also enjoy various other music genres, including calypso, reggae, and gospel music.

The country is known for its visual arts, with local artists drawing inspiration from the natural beauty of the islands and their cultural heritage. The National Art Gallery of the Bahamas in Nassau showcases the work of Bahamian artists, and various festivals throughout the year celebrate the nation’s creative talents.

Festivals and Traditions

One of the most significant cultural events in the Bahamas is Junkanoo, a vibrant street parade that takes place during Christmas and New Year’s celebrations. Junkanoo features elaborate costumes, dancing, and music, reflecting the African roots of the Bahamian people. Other festivals include the Bahamas Carnival and the BahamaFest, both of which showcase the country’s musical traditions, food, and performances.

Cuisine

Bahamian cuisine reflects the country’s diverse cultural influences, with an emphasis on seafood. Conch, lobster, and fish are staples in the Bahamian diet, often served in dishes such as conch fritters, conch chowder, and cracked conch. The food culture also features tropical fruits, including guava, papaya, and coconut, which are incorporated into various dishes and beverages. Bahamian food is often flavorful, using spices, herbs, and sauces to enhance the natural tastes of local ingredients.

History

Early History

The earliest inhabitants of the Bahamas were the Lucayan Taíno people, who lived on the islands for centuries before the arrival of Europeans. These indigenous peoples had a well-established culture, engaging in fishing, farming, and the creation of pottery. In 1492, Christopher Columbus arrived in the Bahamas, marking the beginning of European colonization.

Colonial Era

Following Columbus’ arrival, the Bahamas became a British colony in the 17th century. The British established settlements on the islands and introduced African slaves to work on plantations. Over the next few centuries, the Bahamas remained a British colony, with slavery continuing until its abolition in 1834.

Independence and Modern Era

The Bahamas gained full independence from the United Kingdom on July 10, 1973. Since gaining independence, the country has established itself as a stable democracy with a growing economy. Tourism and offshore banking have become major economic drivers, while the government has worked to diversify the economy and improve social services. The Bahamas has also faced challenges, including environmental concerns and the impacts of global economic fluctuations, but the country remains a key player in the Caribbean region.

Bahamas Map