History of Barry County, Michigan
Barry County, located in southwestern Michigan, boasts a rich history that stretches back to its early Native American inhabitants, European exploration, and its transformation into a thriving agricultural community. Established in 1835, the county was named after the prominent American general William T. Barry. Over the centuries, it has evolved from a sparsely populated wilderness to a vibrant center of agriculture, industry, and tourism. Its rich natural resources, including forests, rivers, and lakes, have contributed to its growth and appeal. Today, Barry County is known for its rural charm, recreational opportunities, and historical landmarks that tell the story of its past.
Origins and Early History
Native American Presence
Before European settlers arrived in Barry County, the land was inhabited by Native American tribes, particularly the Potawatomi. The Potawatomi people were part of the larger Algonquin-speaking group and lived in the area for centuries. The land around Barry County, with its rivers and forests, provided an abundant supply of fish, game, and other natural resources for the tribe. They lived in villages along the shores of lakes and rivers, and their culture was based on fishing, hunting, gathering, and farming.
The Potawatomi were also known for their trade networks, which connected them with other tribes across the Midwest and with European settlers. They had a complex system of governance and were known for their intricate spiritual beliefs and traditions. The Potawatomi’s presence in the region was significant until the early 19th century when the United States government began to force Native American tribes from their ancestral lands.
European Exploration and Settlement
In the early 1800s, European settlers, primarily of French and British descent, began moving into the area. The land that would become Barry County was part of the larger Michigan Territory, which was established after the American Revolution. The arrival of European settlers dramatically altered the way of life for the indigenous tribes. During this period, the United States government negotiated various treaties that resulted in the displacement of the Potawatomi and other tribes.
By the 1830s, settlers began establishing farms and settlements in the region. In 1835, Barry County was officially established, and it was named after General William T. Barry, a veteran of the War of 1812. The area’s fertile soil, proximity to rivers, and relatively mild climate made it attractive for agriculture, and farming quickly became the dominant industry in the county.
Development and Key Historical Events
The Establishment of Barry County
Barry County was officially formed in 1835, following its separation from the larger Kalamazoo County. Initially, the county was sparsely populated, and its development was slow due to the lack of infrastructure and the challenging conditions of the frontier. Early settlers faced difficulties with transportation, particularly in the winter months when rivers froze and roads became impassable.
The county seat was established in Hastings, a town located on the Thornapple River. Hastings became the hub for government, commerce, and trade in Barry County. By the mid-1800s, the settlement of Hastings began to grow, and the town became a significant focal point for the region’s economy.
The Rise of Agriculture
In the 19th century, agriculture played a key role in the development of Barry County. The fertile soils and abundant natural resources made the area ideal for farming. Settlers initially grew crops such as corn, wheat, and oats, but by the late 1800s, the county had become known for its dairy farming, apple orchards, and fruit production.
The growth of agriculture was accompanied by advancements in technology and infrastructure. The construction of railroads in the late 1800s allowed for the transport of goods such as dairy products, fruit, and timber to markets outside the county. This helped boost the local economy and contributed to the growth of towns and settlements.
The Industrial Revolution
Barry County saw further development during the industrial revolution. As the county’s population grew, local industries began to flourish. In particular, the furniture and lumber industries grew in prominence, driven by the availability of hardwood forests in the area. Lumber mills were established along the Thornapple River, and many of the county’s towns became centers for furniture manufacturing, as skilled woodworkers produced high-quality pieces that were sold regionally.
In addition to manufacturing, the development of transportation networks—including railroads and roads—allowed for greater trade and movement of people and goods. This helped to solidify Hastings and other towns as regional commercial centers.
20th Century Growth and the Rise of Tourism
As the 20th century progressed, Barry County continued to grow and evolve. In the early 1900s, the county’s agricultural industry remained a dominant force, but the development of the automobile and the rise of tourism became increasingly important. The region’s lakes and natural beauty, including the Barry State Game Area and the many parks surrounding the Thornapple River, attracted visitors from across Michigan and beyond. By the mid-1900s, tourism had become an important economic driver for the region, with many people visiting to enjoy outdoor activities such as fishing, boating, hiking, and camping.
World War II also had an impact on the county, as young men from the area enlisted in the armed forces, and local industries shifted to support the war effort. After the war, the county saw a period of economic growth, with population increases and new businesses opening in Hastings and other towns.
Historical Sites in Barry County
1. Barry County Historical Society and Museum
Overview: Located in Hastings, the Barry County Historical Society and Museum preserves the county’s rich history, from Native American times through the industrial revolution and beyond. Exhibits include artifacts from the county’s early settlers, displays about the local agricultural history, and collections from the industrial era, including furniture and timber-related items. Visitors can explore the museum’s exhibits and learn about the people and events that shaped the region.
Location: 231 S Broadway St., Hastings, MI
Ticket Price: Adults $5, children $2
Parking Information: Free parking available at the museum
2. Hastings City Park
Overview: Hastings City Park is not only a beautiful natural space but also a historical site. The park was established in the late 1800s and has been an important gathering place for the community ever since. It is home to historical monuments, including a statue of General William T. Barry, after whom the county is named. The park is also known for its scenic walking paths, picnic areas, and playgrounds.
Location: 400 W State St., Hastings, MI
Ticket Price: Free
Parking Information: Free parking available on-site
3. Fort Custer Recreation Area
Overview: Fort Custer Recreation Area, located near Augusta, MI, is a site of historical significance. The land was once the location of a military fort built during the War of 1812 and later used during the Civil War. Today, the site is a popular park for hiking, fishing, and wildlife observation, with remnants of the old fort and related structures visible in the park. The area is managed by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and offers educational programs about its history.
Location: 5163 S. M-96, Augusta, MI
Ticket Price: Free, though some activities require a state park pass
Parking Information: Ample parking available within the park
4. Furnace Road Historical Site
Overview: Furnace Road is named for a historical iron furnace that once operated in the area in the early 1800s. The furnace was used to smelt iron ore and was an important part of the county’s early industrial history. Today, Furnace Road is a scenic route that connects visitors to the historical remnants of the ironworks and offers a glimpse into the industrial past of Barry County.
Location: Off M-43 near the town of Woodland, MI
Ticket Price: Free
Parking Information: Limited parking along the road
Geography and Climate
Barry County covers an area of 813 square miles and is located in southwestern Michigan, bordered by Kent County to the north, Ionia County to the east, and Allegan County to the west. The county is characterized by rolling hills, forests, farmland, and numerous lakes and rivers, including the Thornapple River, which runs through Hastings. The county is primarily rural, with a few small cities and towns spread throughout.
Barry County experiences a temperate climate, with four distinct seasons. Winters are cold, with temperatures often dipping below freezing and snowfall common from November through March. Summers are warm, with temperatures averaging in the mid-70s to low-80s Fahrenheit. The county receives moderate precipitation year-round, with the wettest months typically occurring in the spring and early summer.
County Facts
- Year Founded: 1835
- County Seat: Hastings
- Population: Approximately 60,000 (2020 census)
- Population Density: 74 people per square mile
- Largest Cities: Hastings, Middleville, Freeport
- Major Highways: U.S. Highway 37, U.S. Highway 131, M-43
- Adjacent Counties: Kent County (north), Ionia County (east), Allegan County (west), Kalamazoo County (south)
Barry County, Michigan, with its rich agricultural heritage, scenic landscapes, and growing tourism sector, has evolved from a small frontier region to a community that honors its past while looking toward the future. Whether visiting its historical sites, enjoying its natural beauty, or exploring its vibrant communities, visitors to Barry County can experience a piece of Michigan’s history while discovering the charm of rural life in the 21st century.
