Indonesia, a state in the island world of Southeast Asia; 1.9 million km2, 267.7 million residents (2019).Indonesia comprises 13,600 islands, of which about 6,000 are inhabited. Of the islands entirely included in Indonesia, the largest are Sumatra (with adjacent small islands totaling 480 793km 2, just over 63.6 million residents in 2019), Sulawesi (188 522 km 2, 19.5 million residents), Java with Madura (129,438 km 2, 145 million residents) and Bali (5,780 km 2, 4.4 million residents). In addition, 2/3 of Kalimantan (Borneo) with 544 150 km 2 and 16.2 million residents, Papua (western half of the island of New Guinea) with 416 060 km 2and 3.3 million residents as well as the Small Sunda Islands east of Bali and the Moluccan Islands between Sulawesi and New Guinea. The capital is Jakarta (10.5 million residents in 2019).
Country facts
- Republic of Indonesia / Republic of Indonesia
- Country abbreviation: ID
- Area: 1.9 million km2
- Population (2019): 267.7 million residents
- Capital: Jakarta
- Main languages: Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia), Javanese
- State: Republic
- Head of State and Head of Government: Joko Widodo (President)
- Per capita GDP (2018): US $ 3,894
- GNI per capita (2018): US $ 3,840
- Currency unit: 1 rupiah = 100 sen
- Currency code: IDR
- Country number (telephony): 62
- Internet domain name: id
- Time difference compared to Sweden: +6 to +8
- National Day: August 17 (Independence Day, 1945)
Nature
- Land use: forest (76%), agricultural land (17%), other (7%)
- Highest mountain: Jaya (5,030 m above sea level)
Population
- Population density (2019): 141 residents per km2
- Natural population growth (2019): 1.1%; birth rate 18 ‰, death rate 7 ‰
- Age structure (2019): 0-14 years (27%), 15-64 (67%), 65- (6%)
- Life expectancy (2019): men 69 years, women 73 years
- Infant mortality (2019): 25 per 1,000 live births
- Population forecast 2050: 331 million residents
- HDI (2017: 0.694 (place 116 of 189)
- Urbanization rate (2019): 54%
- Most populous cities (2019): Jakarta (10.5 million residents), Surabaya (2.9 million), Bandung (2.6 million)
Business
- Industry’s contribution to GDP (2017): agriculture (14%), industry (41%), service (45%)
- Exports (2017): US $ 168,900 million
- Main export products: crude oil, natural gas
- Main exporting countries: China, USA, Japan
- Imports (2017): US $ 150,100 million
- Main import products: machinery, chemicals, fuel
- Main importing countries: China, Singapore, Japan
- Railway network (2014): 8,200 km
Indonesia’s many islands lie in arcuate rows along the continental shelves, often with deep-sea tombs on the convex side. Typical of the islands topography are steep mountain ranges, rows of volcanoes and low plains along the coasts. Indonesia’s location on both sides of the equator provides a humid tropical climate.
According to the country’s constitution, which is largely from 1945, Indonesia is a republic and ruled by a president and his government. Presidential elections are held every five years. The House of Representatives, which is elected for five years, has the legislative power. The country became independent in 1949.
Indonesia has the conditions for a stable economy with good assets in oil, natural gas and minerals as well as a well-functioning agriculture and a growing industrial and service sector. However, the financial crisis of 1997, together with extensive droughts, widespread forest fires and falling oil revenues, became devastating for the country’s economy. In order to get out of the crisis, Indonesia initiated cooperation with the International Monetary Fund and committed to comprehensive structural reforms. During the 2000s, the economy has recovered, but major social and domestic political problems remain.
Indonesia Map
