Malta Facts

by countryaah · Published June 3, 2019 · Updated December 12, 2024

Malta, a state in the middle Mediterranean, located about 90 km south of Sicily; 316 km², 484 000 residents (2019).Malta consists of three inhabited islands: Malta (246 km² ), Gozo (67 km² ) and Comino (3 km² ) as well as a couple of uninhabited small islands. Malta is regarded as Europe’s southernmost state. The capital is Valletta (5,600 residents, 2018).

Country facts

Republic of ta’Malta / Republic of Malta
Country abbreviation: MT
Area: 316 km²
Population (2019): 484,000 residents
Capital: Valletta
Main languages: Maltese, English
State: Republic
Head of State: George Vella (President)
Head of Government: Robert Abela
Per capita GDP (2018): US $ 26,220
GNI per capita (2018): US $ 30,075
Currency unit: 1 euro = 100 cents
Currency code: EUR
Country number (telephony): 356
Internet Domain Name: mt
Time difference compared to Sweden: 0
National Day: September 21 (Independence Day, 1964)

Nature

Land use: agricultural land (41%), other (59%)
Highest mountain: Rabat (258 m asl)

Population

Population density (2019): 1,532 residents per km²
Natural population growth (2019): 0.1%; birth rate 9 ‰, death rate 8 ‰
Age structure (2019): 0-14 years (14%), 15-64 (67%), 65- (19%)
Average life expectancy (2019): men 80 years, women 85 years
Infant mortality (2019): 7 per 1,000 live births
Population forecast 2050: 500,000 residents
HDI (2017): 0.878 (place 29 of 189)
Urbanization rate (2019): 95%
Most populous cities (2018): San Pawl il-Baħar (26,100), Birkirkara (23,600)

Business

Industry’s contribution to GDP (2017): agriculture (1%), industry (10%), service (89%)
Exports (2017): US $ 3,272 million
Main export products: machinery, fuel
Main exporting countries: Germany, France, Italy
Imports (2017): US $ 4,996 million
Main import products: fuel, machinery, means of transport
Main importing countries: Italy, Germany, UK
Railway network: nothing in operation

Geography of Malta

Location and Boundaries

Malta is an archipelago located in the central Mediterranean, just south of Italy and north of Libya. The country consists of three main islands: Malta, Gozo, and Comino, along with several smaller islets. Malta occupies a strategic position at the crossroads of Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, making it historically significant as a maritime crossroads and a center of trade and military importance.

The island of Malta is the largest and most populous, while Gozo is the second-largest, known for its rural and tranquil landscape. Comino, the smallest of the three inhabited islands, is a nature reserve with pristine beaches and a small population. The total land area of Malta is just over 300 square kilometers, making it one of the smallest countries in the world, but with a rich history and vibrant culture.

Terrain and Landscape

The Maltese islands are characterized by a diverse landscape that includes rugged coastline, rocky hills, and sandy beaches. The islands have a mainly low-lying terrain, with the highest point being only 253 meters (830 feet) above sea level, located at Ta’ Dmejrek in the center of Malta. The islands have very little freshwater, with no rivers or lakes, and depend on rainwater harvesting and desalination for water supply.

The coastal landscape is dominated by steep cliffs, coves, and bays, providing spectacular views of the Mediterranean Sea. Malta’s numerous natural harbors, such as the Grand Harbour in Valletta, have historically made the islands a vital location for naval activity. The islands’ limestone bedrock is porous and often creates a scenic landscape with rocky outcrops, caves, and sinkholes, many of which are popular tourist attractions.

Flora and Fauna

Despite its small size, Malta boasts a variety of plant and animal life, particularly in the less developed parts of Gozo and Comino. The islands’ flora includes Mediterranean species like olive trees, cacti, and aromatic herbs. Wildflowers, especially in spring, add to the beauty of the landscape. Malta is also known for its coastal vegetation, with species like saltbush and sea lavender thriving in the harsh coastal climate.

Wildlife is less abundant compared to larger land masses, but the islands are home to several bird species, particularly migratory birds that pass through Malta due to its location. The archipelago also features small mammals like the Maltese rabbit, and various reptiles, including lizards and snakes. Marine life around Malta is also rich, with dolphins, fish, and marine flora being common around its coasts.

Climate of Malta

Mediterranean Climate

Malta experiences a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The climate is influenced by its location in the Mediterranean Sea, which moderates temperatures and brings a steady breeze from the sea. In summer, temperatures frequently exceed 30°C (86°F), particularly in July and August, while winter temperatures rarely fall below 10°C (50°F).

Rainfall in Malta is concentrated in the winter months, between November and February, with the wettest months being December and January. However, the total annual precipitation is low, averaging about 500 millimeters (20 inches) per year, which makes Malta one of the driest countries in Europe. The islands are often subjected to a phenomenon known as the “sirocco,” a hot desert wind that blows from North Africa, which raises temperatures and brings dust.

Winds and Storms

Winds play a significant role in the Maltese climate. The “Mistral” and “Sirocco” winds are the most notable; the Mistral brings cooler, dry air from the northwest, while the Sirocco brings warm, dry air from the Sahara. Malta also experiences occasional thunderstorms, especially during the autumn and winter months. These storms, though brief, can bring significant rainfall and are part of the island’s irregular precipitation patterns.

Seasonal Variations

Due to its Mediterranean climate, Malta sees a significant tourist influx in the summer months, with the heat and dry conditions making it an attractive destination for beachgoers. However, the cooler months also have their charm, especially for those looking to explore Malta’s history and culture without the summer crowds. The landscape, often dotted with wildflowers, is particularly attractive in spring when the temperatures are moderate.

People of Malta

Population and Demographics

Malta has a population of approximately 520,000 people, making it one of the most densely populated countries in Europe. The majority of the population resides on the main island of Malta, particularly in the capital city of Valletta and nearby areas like Birkirkara, Sliema, and St. Julian’s. Gozo, the second-largest island, has a more rural and less densely populated character, with villages like Victoria and Xlendi serving as key hubs.

The population of Malta is aging, as is typical of many European countries, and the median age is rising. However, the country also has a significant number of young people due to immigration, particularly from other EU countries and the Mediterranean region, attracted by Malta’s job opportunities, particularly in sectors like tourism, finance, and technology.

Ethnicity and Languages

Malta’s population is ethnically homogenous, with the vast majority of people being of Maltese descent, a group with a unique blend of cultural and linguistic influences from various Mediterranean peoples, including Phoenicians, Romans, Arabs, Normans, and others. The Maltese people are known for their resilience, having lived through centuries of foreign rule and external influences while maintaining their cultural identity.

The official languages of Malta are Maltese and English. Maltese, a Semitic language derived from Arabic, is the only official language of Arabic origin in the European Union. English is widely spoken and understood, with many Maltesers fluent in both languages, and it is often used in business, government, and education. Italian is also spoken by some, particularly older generations, due to historical ties to Italy.

Religion and Beliefs

The majority of the population in Malta (about 90%) is Roman Catholic, and Catholicism plays an essential role in the cultural and social life of the islands. The country is known for its Catholic festivals, churches, and religious traditions. Church attendance is relatively high by European standards, and religious holidays such as Christmas, Easter, and local feast days are celebrated with great enthusiasm.

While Catholicism is the dominant religion, Malta also has a small number of Protestant Christians, Muslims, and secular individuals. The presence of other religious groups is limited, and Malta is known for its tolerance toward other faiths, despite its deeply rooted Catholic identity.

Economy of Malta

Overview of the Economy

Malta has a diversified economy, with key sectors including tourism, manufacturing, financial services, and information technology. Over the past few decades, Malta has transitioned from a largely agricultural economy to a services-oriented one, with significant investment in high-value industries such as iGaming, technology, and financial services. The island’s strategic location, political stability, and EU membership have contributed to its growth as an international business hub.

The economy has grown rapidly in recent years, supported by a thriving tourism sector, low corporate tax rates, and a favorable regulatory environment. Despite its small size, Malta has developed into a key player in the Mediterranean, attracting multinational companies and international investors, especially in sectors like digital gaming, fintech, and blockchain technology.

Tourism

Tourism is one of Malta’s most important industries, contributing significantly to its GDP. The island attracts visitors from all over the world, particularly from Europe, thanks to its rich cultural heritage, historical sites, sunny climate, and beautiful beaches. Malta is known for its ancient temples, medieval cities, and coastal landscapes. Valletta, Mdina, and the megalithic temples of Hagar Qim are some of the key attractions, along with the picturesque islands of Gozo and Comino.

In addition to cultural tourism, Malta also attracts visitors for its vibrant nightlife, particularly in areas like Paceville and St. Julian’s. The country is also a popular destination for diving and water sports, with its clear waters, coral reefs, and historical shipwrecks offering excellent diving opportunities. Despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global travel, Malta’s tourism sector is recovering and remains a cornerstone of the economy.

Financial Services and Industry

Malta has developed a robust financial services sector, particularly in banking, insurance, and asset management. The country’s favorable tax policies, skilled workforce, and EU membership have made it a prime location for international financial services firms. Malta has also become a center for iGaming and online gambling, which has rapidly expanded due to its regulatory framework and attractive licensing environment.

The manufacturing sector in Malta is also significant, focusing on electronics, pharmaceuticals, and food processing. Malta’s strategic location in the Mediterranean makes it an attractive base for companies that want to serve both European and North African markets.

Agriculture and Fishing

While the agriculture and fishing sectors are much smaller compared to other industries, they are still important for Malta’s self-sufficiency and export market. The islands produce a variety of fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes, potatoes, and citrus, but due to the limited arable land, Malta imports much of its food. The country also has a long tradition of fishing, particularly for tuna, and it is known for its quality seafood exports.

Government of Malta

Political System and Structure

Malta is a parliamentary republic with a democratic political system. The head of state is the president, a largely ceremonial role, while the head of government is the prime minister. The prime minister is appointed following parliamentary elections, which are held every five years. Malta has a unicameral legislature, the House of Representatives, with 65 members elected by proportional representation.

Malta’s legal system is based on British common law, and the judiciary is independent of the executive and legislative branches. The country is a member of the European Union and other international organizations, and its foreign policy emphasizes diplomatic relations with its EU neighbors and the wider Mediterranean region.

Political Parties and Elections

Malta’s political landscape is dominated by two main parties: the Labour Party (Partit Laburista) and the Nationalist Party (Partit Nazzjonalista). These parties have alternated in power since Malta’s independence in 1964. Maltese politics are often centered around issues such as economic development, EU relations, immigration, and social policies.

Elections in Malta are generally free and fair, with voter turnout typically high. The country’s political culture is marked by vibrant debate and a strong sense of national identity, with frequent discussions about the country’s role in the EU and its future development.

Culture of Malta

Art, Music, and Literature

Malta has a rich cultural history that blends influences from its diverse rulers, including the Phoenicians, Romans, Arabs, Normans, and the Knights of St. John. The arts in Malta reflect this diversity, with architecture, music, and visual arts playing important roles in the national identity. The Baroque style, brought by the Knights of St. John, can be seen in many of the country’s churches, palaces, and public buildings.

Malta’s music scene is similarly eclectic, with influences from its Mediterranean roots, Europe, and Africa. Traditional Maltese music includes folk songs, often performed with instruments like the guitarra and violin, while the country has a growing modern music scene, particularly in pop, rock, and jazz. Malta is also known for its film industry, hosting the Malta Film Festival and attracting international productions due to its unique landscapes and historic sites.

Festivals and Traditions

Malta is known for its lively festivals, many of which are rooted in religious traditions. The Feast of St. Paul’s Shipwreck, the Feast of St. George, and the annual Carnival in Valletta are some of the island’s most significant celebrations. These festivals often feature parades, music, dancing, and traditional foods, reflecting the island’s rich cultural heritage.

The Maltese are also known for their craftsmanship, including intricate lacework, pottery, and filigree jewelry. The art of stone carving is another traditional craft, reflecting the abundance of limestone on the islands.

History of Malta

Ancient and Medieval History

Malta’s history dates back thousands of years, with evidence of early human settlement going as far back as 5000 BCE. The islands were inhabited by Phoenicians, Romans, and Arabs, each of whom left their mark on the culture, language, and architecture. The Maltese Islands were part of the Roman Empire, and archaeological sites like the Roman baths in Rabat and the ruins of ancient temples show the depth of Malta’s Roman heritage.

During the Middle Ages, Malta became part of various European kingdoms, but it was in 1091 that the Normans conquered Malta, establishing a Christian presence on the islands. In 1530, Malta became a strategic base for the Knights Hospitaller (Knights of St. John), who ruled the islands for nearly 300 years, building many of the grand fortifications that still stand today.

Colonial Era and Independence

In 1800, Malta was ceded to Britain after the defeat of the French in the Napoleonic Wars, and the islands remained a British colony until they gained independence in 1964. During this period, Malta became an important British naval base, and its strategic location in the Mediterranean made it a focal point in both World War I and World War II.

Malta became a republic in 1974 and formally joined the European Union in 2004. Today, Malta is an active member of the EU and continues to balance its historic connections with Europe and the Mediterranean while focusing on modern economic and cultural development.

Modern Malta

Since gaining independence, Malta has developed into a prosperous country with a strong economy and a high standard of living. The country has made significant strides in education, healthcare, and infrastructure and continues to play a prominent role in European and Mediterranean affairs. Malta’s culture is a blend of its ancient history and its modern European identity, and it continues to be a bridge between Africa, Europe, and the Middle East.