Luxembourg Facts

by countryaah · Published June 3, 2019 · Updated April 26, 2020

Luxembourg, State of Western Europe; 2 586 km², 608 000 residents (2019).Luxembourg is located between Belgium, France and Germany. It is one of the Benelux countries and original member of the EU. The capital is Luxembourg (119,200 residents, 2019).

Country facts

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (French) Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (
Luxembourg) Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
(German) /
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Country abbreviation: LU (L)
Area: 2 586 km²
Population (2019): 608,000 residents
Capital: Luxembourg
Main languages: French, Luxembourg, German
State: Monarchy
Head of State: Henri (Grand Duke)
Head of Government: Xavier Bettel
Per capita GDP (2018): US $ 114,340
GNI per capita (2018): US $ 69 420
Currency unit: euro
Currency code: EUR
Country number (telephony): 352
Internet domain name: lu
Time difference compared to Sweden: 0
National Day: June 23 (Grand Duchess Charlotte’s Birthday)

Nature

Land use: forest (34%), agricultural land (51%), other (15%)
Highest mountain: Buurgplaatz (559 m asl)

Population

Population density (2019): 235 residents per km²
Natural population growth (2019): 0.3%; birth rate 10 ‰, death rate 7 ‰
Age structure (2019): 0-14 years (16%), 15-64 (70%), 65- (14%)
Average life expectancy (2019): men 80 years, women 85 years
Infant mortality (2019): 4 per 1,000 live births
Population forecast 2050: 800,000 residents
HDI (2017): 0.904 (place 21 of 189)
Urbanization rate (2019): 91%
Most popular cities (2019): Luxembourg (119,200 residents), Esch-sur-Alzette (35,400)

Business

Industry’s contribution to GDP (2016): agriculture (0%), industry (11%), service (89%)
Exports (2016): US $ 17,100 million
Main export products: machinery, steel and metal products, chemicals
Main exporting countries: Germany, Belgium, France
Imports (2016): US $ 18 330 million
Main import products: minerals, food, capital goods
Main importing countries: Belgium, Germany, China

Communications

Railway network (2014): 275 km
Road network (2011): 2 900 km
Internet users per 100 residents (2016): 97

Luxembourg is often divided into a northern area, Ösling, which is a plateau landscape, and Gutland, which is the most fertile and densely populated southern part. The climate is quite maritime. The country is a hereditary, constitutional monarchy. General and compulsory voting rights have been in parliament every 19 years since the elections, every five years, which holds the legislative power. The executive power is actually exercised by a Council of Ministers responsible to Parliament.

The country’s economic prosperity was built up by a strong export-oriented industry, dominated by the steel sector, and a service sector where international banking and trade operations are important. The service industries are now the dominant industries. The previously important steel industry has declined in importance, but the multinational steel company Arcelor still has its head office in the country.