Hungary, State of Central Europe; 93,030 km2, 9.8 million residents (2019).Hungary borders in the north to Slovakia, in the northeast to Ukraine, in the east to Romania, in the south to Serbia and Croatia, in the southwest to Slovenia and in the west to Austria. The capital is Budapest (1.6 million residents, 2012).
Country facts
- Magyar Kőztársaság / Republic of Hungary
- Country abbreviation: HU
- Area: 93 030 km2
- Population (2019): 9.8 million residents
- Capital: Budapest
- Main language: Hungarian
- State: Republic
- Head of State: János Áder (President)
- Head of Government: Viktor Orbán
- Per capita GDP (2018): US $ 15,939
- GNI per capita (2018): US $ 14,590
- Coin unit: 1 forint = 100 fillers
- Currency code: HUF
- Country number (telephony): 36
- Internet Domain Name: hu
- Time difference compared to Sweden: 0
- National Day: March 15 (in memory of the 1848 Revolution)
Nature
- Land use: forest (22%), agricultural land (64%), other (14%)
- Highest mountain: Kékes (1,015 m above sea level)
- Longest river: Danube (2,860 km)
Population
- Population density (2019): 107 residents per km2
- Natural population growth (2019): −0.4%; birth number 9 ‰, death number 13 ‰
- Age structure (2019): 0-14 years (15%), 15-64 (66%), 65- (19%)
- Life expectancy (2019): men 72 years, women 79 years
- Infant mortality (2019): 3 per 1,000 live births
- Population forecast 2050: 9 million residents
- HDI (2017): 0.838 (place 45 of 189)
- Urbanization rate (2019): 71%
- Most populous cities (2017): Budapest (1.8 million residents), Debrecen (202,000), Miskolc (157,200)
Business
- Industry’s contribution to GDP (2017): agriculture (4%), industry (31%), service (65%)
- Exports (2017): US $ 98,740 million
- Main export products: machinery, food, raw materials for industry
- Main exporting countries: Germany, Romania, Italy
- Imports (2017): US $ 96,300 million
- Main import products: engineering industrial products, fuel, electricity
- Main importing countries: Germany, Austria, China
- Railway network (2014): 8,000 km
Characteristic of Hungary’s landforms are mainly extensive lowland areas. Alföld, the great plain of south-eastern Hungary, is often called the breath and occupies half of the country’s surface. Hungary is surrounded by alpine mountain ranges. The Danube, Europe’s second largest river, flows through the country. The shallow Balaton lake in western Hungary is the largest lake in central Europe. The country has a temperate climate with a strong continental feel.
The legislative power lies with a single-chamber parliament whose members are appointed through general elections for four years. The executive rests with the president, who is appointed by Parliament for five years.
Following the fall of communism, privatization began, which was largely done in collaboration with Western European and American companies. Although many companies in the West have been willing to invest, privatization has been slower than planned. In 2003, the rate of privatization increased; the state sold some or all of the state banks and the Dunaferr steel mill. Since the 1990s, the emphasis in business has gradually shifted from industry to the service sector, and in 2011 the service industries accounted for just over two-thirds of GDP.
Hungary Map
