What is the Capital of Canada? Ottawa
Capital City of Canada: Ottawa
City Overview
Ottawa, the capital city of Canada, is located in the province of Ontario, in the eastern part of the country. It is the fourth largest city in Canada and is situated along the Ottawa River, across from Gatineau, Quebec. Ottawa is the political and administrative center of Canada, housing key institutions such as the Parliament Hill, the official residence of the Prime Minister, and the Governor General’s residence. Unlike many capitals, Ottawa is not the largest city in the country (that distinction belongs to Toronto) but plays a crucial role in Canadian governance. See Campingship for other major cities in Canada.
The city’s history dates back to 1826 when it was chosen by Queen Victoria as the capital of the Province of Canada due to its strategic location between Toronto and Montreal. Its selection was partly motivated by the desire to establish a neutral location for the capital in a region free from potential American invasions. Over the years, Ottawa has grown from a small lumber town into a vibrant metropolis, with a diverse population and a reputation for being one of the cleanest and most green cities in the world.
Ottawa is known for its historic landmarks, museums, and cultural institutions. The city’s blend of historic and modern architecture, its natural surroundings, and its vibrant arts scene make it a major tourist destination and a place of national pride.
City Facts: Ottawa
- Area: 2,778 square kilometers (1,073 square miles)
- Population: Approximately 1 million (2023 estimate)
- Time Zone: Eastern Standard Time (EST) / Eastern Daylight Time (EDT), UTC -5 / UTC -4
- Highest Mountain: Mount Saint Joseph (an elevation of 136 meters), while not a major peak, it is the highest natural point within the city limits.
- Longest River: Ottawa River, which flows through the city and serves as the natural boundary between Ontario and Quebec.
Ottawa’s landscape includes hills, rivers, and green spaces, which provide a beautiful backdrop for its architectural landmarks. With its role as a center of political and cultural life, the city is home to numerous national museums, galleries, and embassies. As Canada’s capital, it also represents the country’s rich heritage and values.
Major Landmarks in Ottawa
- Parliament Hill: Parliament Hill is the heart of Canadian democracy and government. The Parliament Buildings house the House of Commons and the Senate, where all of Canada’s legislative decisions are made. The iconic Peace Tower is one of the most recognized symbols of the city and is open to the public for tours.
- Rideau Canal: The Rideau Canal is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the longest and most scenic canals in the world. In winter, it transforms into the world’s largest skating rink. The canal offers opportunities for boating, cycling, and walking in the summer months.
- National Gallery of Canada: This museum is one of Canada’s most important art institutions, featuring a vast collection of Canadian and Indigenous art, as well as European and American works. It is housed in a striking modern building, with a glass-ceilinged atrium.
- ByWard Market: Located in the heart of downtown Ottawa, the ByWard Market is a bustling area filled with local produce, crafts, restaurants, and shops. It has a historic charm and is one of the oldest and largest public markets in Canada.
- Canadian Museum of History: Located in Gatineau, just across the Ottawa River from downtown Ottawa, the museum explores Canadian history from the First Nations’ perspective to modern times. It houses the impressive Grand Hall with artifacts, sculptures, and exhibitions about Canadian culture.
- Gatineau Park: This 361 square kilometer park, located just outside the city, offers hiking, skiing, and wildlife viewing opportunities. Its lakes, forests, and trails make it a popular spot for outdoor enthusiasts.
- Canadian War Museum: A tribute to Canada’s military history, this museum focuses on Canada’s role in war and peacekeeping missions. It is an architectural masterpiece, with galleries exploring the impact of war on the nation and its people.
- Supreme Court of Canada: This is the highest court in the country and is located in Ottawa. The court building is a stunning example of neoclassical architecture, and visitors can attend public hearings or take a guided tour to learn about Canada’s legal system.
- Royal Canadian Mint: Ottawa is home to the Royal Canadian Mint, where coins are produced for Canada and other countries. The Mint offers tours to visitors interested in the minting process and Canada’s currency history.
- National War Memorial: Located in Confederation Square, the National War Memorial honors the Canadian soldiers who served in the World Wars and other military conflicts. The tomb of the Unknown Soldier is part of the memorial, symbolizing the sacrifices made by all Canadian soldiers.
Climate Overview
Ottawa experiences a humid continental climate, with cold winters and warm, humid summers. The city is known for its heavy snowfall in the winter months, especially between December and February. Due to its inland location, Ottawa also experiences temperature extremes, with summer temperatures often reaching above 30°C (86°F) and winter temperatures dipping below -20°C (-4°F). The changing seasons offer distinct experiences for residents and visitors alike, with outdoor activities available year-round.
Climate Table: Average Temperature, Precipitation, and Sunny Days
| Month | Average Temperature (°C) | Precipitation (mm) | Sunny Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | -8°C | 40 mm | 9 |
| February | -7°C | 30 mm | 9 |
| March | -2°C | 40 mm | 12 |
| April | 5°C | 50 mm | 14 |
| May | 14°C | 70 mm | 17 |
| June | 20°C | 80 mm | 20 |
| July | 24°C | 90 mm | 22 |
| August | 23°C | 90 mm | 21 |
| September | 16°C | 70 mm | 19 |
| October | 8°C | 60 mm | 13 |
| November | 1°C | 40 mm | 10 |
| December | -6°C | 45 mm | 8 |
Other Cities That Have Served as Capital in Canada’s History
1. Kingston (1841–1844)
- Period of Capital: Kingston served as the capital of the United Province of Canada from 1841 to 1844. During this period, it was an important military and administrative center.
- Overview: Kingston is located in eastern Ontario, on the shores of Lake Ontario. It is home to historic sites like Fort Henry and the Royal Military College of Canada. It remained the capital for only a brief period before the government moved to Montreal, and later Ottawa.
2. Montreal (1844–1849)
- Period of Capital: Montreal briefly became the capital of the United Province of Canada from 1844 to 1849 before the capital was moved to Toronto.
- Overview: Montreal is Quebec’s largest city and a cultural and economic hub. The city played an important role in the development of Canada and remains one of the country’s most dynamic urban centers.
Country Facts: Canada
- Population: Approximately 39.1 million (2023 estimate)
- Area: 9.98 million square kilometers (3.85 million square miles)
- Largest City: Toronto
- Currency: Canadian Dollar (CAD)
- Official Languages: English and French
- ISO Country Codes: CA (Alpha-2), CAN (Alpha-3)
- Government Type: Federal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
- Capital City: Ottawa
- Economy: Canada has a highly developed mixed economy, with key industries in natural resources, technology, manufacturing, and services.
- Climate: A vast country with varying climates, including tundra, temperate, and continental climates across its vast geographical regions.
Ottawa remains a central figure in Canadian politics and governance, symbolizing the democratic values and cultural diversity that define Canada as a nation. Its picturesque surroundings, historical landmarks, and vibrant arts scene make it a notable and beloved capital.
