What is the Capital of Morocco? Rabat

Capital City of Morocco: Rabat

City Overview

Rabat, the capital of Morocco, is a city that combines the richness of its ancient history with the dynamism of modern life. Located along the Atlantic coast on the Bou Regreg River, Rabat serves as the country’s political and administrative center. The city has been the capital of Morocco since the 17th century, although its roots as a settlement stretch back much further. Historically, it served as a military and administrative base under both the Almohad dynasty and later the French protectorate, but in contemporary times, it is a symbol of Morocco’s progress, culture, and international relations. See Listofledlights for other major cities in Morocco.

Rabat is known for its well-preserved landmarks, modern infrastructure, and leafy boulevards, all while maintaining a unique blend of Arabic and French influences. Its significance extends beyond just being the capital city, as it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site thanks to its historical medina, ancient monuments, and cultural traditions.

The city has grown rapidly in recent years, with a population that now exceeds 600,000 people. It is one of Morocco’s most cosmopolitan cities, drawing both international diplomats and visitors from around the world. As the seat of the Moroccan monarchy and the government, Rabat is home to many embassies and government offices, making it a crucial political hub in North Africa.

Key Facts

• Area: 1,687 km²
• Population: Approximately 580,000 (as of 2021)
• Time Zone: Western European Time (WET, UTC +0), Western European Summer Time (WEST, UTC +1 during daylight saving)
• Highest Mountain: Mount Toubkal, at 4,167 meters (13,671 feet)
• Longest River: Sebou River, which flows for 496 km (308 miles)

Major Landmarks

Rabat is a city steeped in history, and its landmarks reflect this. From ancient ruins to colonial-era architecture, the city showcases the diverse influences that have shaped it.

1. Hassan Tower: Perhaps the most iconic landmark in Rabat, the Hassan Tower is an incomplete minaret that was intended to be part of a grand mosque during the reign of the Almohad Sultan Yacoub al-Mansour in the 12th century. Standing 44 meters tall, it offers a glimpse into Morocco’s Islamic architecture and has become a symbol of the city.
2. Mausoleum of Mohammed V: Located near the Hassan Tower, the Mausoleum of Mohammed V is the final resting place of King Mohammed V, the father of modern Morocco, and his two sons, King Hassan II and Prince Abdallah. This magnificent structure combines Moroccan craftsmanship with Islamic art and is one of the most visited sites in Rabat.
3. Kasbah of the Udayas: The Kasbah of the Udayas is a fortified structure that overlooks the Atlantic Ocean. Dating back to the 12th century, it was built by the Almohad dynasty and serves as a reminder of Rabat’s long military history. Inside the kasbah is a maze of narrow streets, traditional houses, and beautiful gardens, including the Andalusian Gardens, which are perfect for a peaceful retreat.
4. Royal Palace of Rabat: As the official residence of the King of Morocco, the Royal Palace is one of the most important buildings in the city. The palace is not open to the public, but visitors can admire the stunning gates and lush gardens that surround it. The palace complex includes various government offices and the royal family’s residences.
5. Mohammed VI Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art: Rabat is also home to a thriving arts scene, exemplified by the Mohammed VI Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art. Opened in 2014, the museum houses works from both Moroccan and international artists, focusing on the relationship between traditional Moroccan art and modern influences.
6. Chellah: The ruins of the Chellah, a Roman city and necropolis, are located just outside the city center. These ruins date back to the 2nd century and offer visitors a glimpse of both Roman and Islamic Morocco, with ancient columns, mosaics, and tombs coexisting alongside medieval Islamic architecture.

Climate Overview

Rabat experiences a Mediterranean climate, with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. The city benefits from its coastal location, making it cooler in the summer months compared to inland cities like Marrakesh or Fes. The climate is generally temperate, which makes it a pleasant destination year-round.

Month	Avg Temperature (°C)	Precipitation (mm)	Sunny Days
January	12	98	6
February	13	80	7
March	15	75	8
April	17	62	9
May	20	39	10
June	24	23	11
July	27	7	12
August	27	9	12
September	25	28	10
October	20	57	8
November	15	83	6
December	12	95	5

Other Capital Cities in Morocco’s History

Morocco’s capital has changed throughout its long and varied history, with several cities serving as the country’s political center.

Marrakesh (Capital from 1062 to 1269)

Marrakesh, located in the foothills of the Atlas Mountains, served as Morocco’s capital from 1062 to 1269 during the Almoravid dynasty. This city was a major center of trade, culture, and intellectual life during the medieval period. The famous Koutoubia Mosque, Jemaa el-Fnaa square, and the Medina of Marrakesh are a testament to the city’s historical significance.

Fes (Capital from 808 to 1269, and again 1276–1465)

Fes was the capital of Morocco several times in its history. First, it became the capital under the Idrisid dynasty in 808 and remained so for centuries. In the 13th century, under the Merinid dynasty, the capital moved to Marrakesh, but Fes retained its status as the cultural and religious heart of Morocco. Today, Fes remains an important historical city with a UNESCO-listed medina and the prestigious Al Quaraouiyine University, the oldest continually operating degree-granting university in the world.

Meknes (Capital from 1672 to 1727)

Meknes briefly became the capital of Morocco during the reign of Sultan Moulay Ismail in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. The city saw extensive building projects, including the construction of vast palaces, defensive walls, and monumental gates. Bab Mansour is one of the most famous landmarks from this period, and the city’s Royal Palace remains a symbol of the era.

Rabat (Capital from 1912 to the Present)

Rabat became the capital of Morocco during the French protectorate, a position it held after the country was officially divided between the French and Spanish. In 1956, following Morocco’s independence, Rabat became the permanent capital of the Kingdom of Morocco. It has retained this status ever since, continuing to grow as the country’s political, administrative, and economic center.

Country Facts

Morocco, located in North Africa, is a country known for its rich cultural heritage, stunning landscapes, and deep-rooted history. The country spans from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and from the deserts of the south to the mountain ranges in the north. With a population of over 36 million people, Morocco is one of the most influential countries in the region.

Key Facts

• Population: Approximately 37 million (as of 2023)
• Area: 710,850 km²
• Capital: Rabat
• Largest City: Casablanca
• Currency: Moroccan dirham (MAD)
• Official Language: Arabic (Standard Arabic), Berber (Amazigh) is also an official language
• ISO Country Codes: MA (Alpha-2), MAR (Alpha-3), 504 (Numeric)

Additional Information

• Government: Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King holds vast executive and legislative powers, though reforms have granted more power to the Prime Minister and the legislature.
• Independence: Morocco gained independence from France and Spain in 1956 and has since become a key player in African and Arab politics.
• Economy: Morocco has a diverse economy, with key industries including tourism, agriculture, phosphates, and textiles. It is also known for its rich cultural heritage and serves as a popular travel destination.
• Religion: The majority of Moroccans are Sunni Muslims, and Islam plays a central role in the country’s identity and politics.