Morocco, state of northern Africa; 459,000 km2 (excluding Western Sahara), 36 million residents (2019).Morocco borders east and south-east to Algeria and south to western Sahara, which the country has occupied since 1976, as well as the coast towards the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The border with Algeria is partly unregulated. Morocco claims the two Spanish enclaves Ceuta and Melilla on the Mediterranean (together 32 km 2 ). The capital is Rabat (577,800 residents, 2015).
Country facts
- al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya / Kingdom of Morocco
- Country abbreviation: MA
- Area: 459 000 km2
- Population (2019): 36 million residents
- Capital: Discount
- Main languages: Arabic, French
- State: Monarchy
- Head of State: Muhammad VI (King)
- Head of Government: Saadeddine Othmani
- Per capita GDP (2018): US $ 3,238
- GNI per capita (2018): US $ 3,090
- Currency unit: 1 dirham = 100 centimes
- Currency code: MAD
- Country number (telephony): 212
- Internet domain name: ma
- Time difference compared to Sweden: −1
- National Day: July 30 (in memory of King Muhammad VI ‘s coronation, 1999)
- Independence Day: March 2, 1956
Nature
- Land use: forest (18%), agricultural land (22%), other (60%)
- Highest mountain: Toubkal (4 165 m asl)
Population
- Population density (2019): 78 residents per km2
- Natural population growth (2019): 1.2%; birth number 17 ‰, death number 5 ‰
- Age structure (2019): 0-14 years (26%), 15-64 (67%), 65- (7%)
- Average life expectancy (2019): men 75 years, women 78 years
- Infant mortality (2019): 20 per 1,000 live births
- Population forecast 2050: 44 million residents
- HDI (2017): 0.667 (place 123 of 189)
- Urbanization rate (2019): 63%
- Most populous cities (2015): Casablanca (3.4 million residents), Fès (1.1 million), Tangier (948,000)
Business
- Industry’s contribution to GDP (2017): agriculture (14%), industry (30%), service (56%)
- Exports of goods (2017): US $ 21,480 million
- Main export products: clothing and textiles, cars, electrical components, raw phosphate
- Main exporting countries: Spain, France, India
- Imports of goods (2017): US $ 39,640 million
- Main import products: oil, textiles, communication equipment
- Main importing countries: Spain, France, China
- Railway network (2014): 2,000 km
A large part of Morocco is covered by four high mountain ranges in the Atlas Mountains. In the south, rocky desert plains spread, and on the coast towards the Atlantic and Mediterranean are fertile plains. The country is often affected by earthquakes. Northern Morocco has a Mediterranean climate, while the southern and southeastern parts have desert climate.
The country is a constitutional monarchy with a strong position for the monarch. The government is responsible both to the king and to a legislative two-chamber parliament consisting of the House of Representatives, who is elected in direct elections for five years, and to the council chamber, which is appointed for nine years by an electoral college.
Morocco is the poorest of the Maghreb states. Rapid population growth, growing debt burden and political uncertainty are the main causes of the economic problems. The basis of the country’s economy is agriculture, tourism and phosphate exports; Morocco is the world’s largest phosphate exporter. Together with the International Monetary Fund, the country has implemented a program of economic reform. This includes privatization, removal of trade barriers and investment in export-oriented industry. The country has a large informal economy and is also one of the world’s largest cannabis producers.
Morocco Map
