History of Atascosa County, Texas

Atascosa County, located in the south-central region of Texas, boasts a rich and diverse history that spans from indigenous cultures to the state’s formation and into modern times. Established in 1856, the county was named after Atascosa Creek, with “atascosa” meaning “muddy” or “boggy” in Spanish, a nod to the region’s swampy terrain. Throughout its history, Atascosa County has been influenced by its strategic location along key trade routes, its agricultural significance, and its role in the Texas Revolution and Civil War. Today, the county is known for its rural charm, agricultural contributions, and historical landmarks.

Origins and Early History

Long before European settlers arrived, the region that would become Atascosa County was home to a number of Native American tribes, including the Coahuiltecans and Lipan Apaches. These groups thrived on the fertile land, utilizing the rivers and creeks for fishing and hunting. They also practiced agriculture, growing maize, beans, and squash, and had a deep cultural connection to the land.

The first European settlers arrived in the 18th century, as part of Spain’s mission system. Spanish explorers established settlements in the area to secure Spanish claims in what is now Texas. The town of San Antonio, founded in 1718, became an important center for trade and governance, leading to the gradual expansion of settlers into surrounding areas. Atascosa County’s location along major trade routes made it a focal point for the movement of goods and people throughout Texas.

By the early 1800s, the area was caught up in the growing tension between Spain and the new republics of Mexico and the United States. After Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821, Texas became part of the newly formed Mexican state. With the arrival of American settlers, however, tensions rose, leading to conflicts that would culminate in the Texas Revolution.

Texas Revolution and the Formation of Atascosa County

The Texas Revolution (1835-1836) had a profound impact on the region. While Atascosa County was not directly involved in many of the major battles, it was part of the broader context of the rebellion against Mexican rule. Many settlers in the area supported Texas independence and took part in the conflict, while others remained loyal to Mexico.

After Texas won its independence and became a republic in 1836, the land that would become Atascosa County was part of Bexar County. The county was sparsely populated in the early years of the Republic of Texas, as settlers moved into the area seeking land and opportunities. By 1856, as the population grew and settlements spread, the Texas legislature officially established Atascosa County.

Named after Atascosa Creek, the county’s fertile land was suitable for agriculture, especially cattle ranching. Cattle became a major industry in the region, and the county’s economy flourished through the mid-19th century, largely thanks to its ranching heritage. As settlers continued to move westward, Atascosa County became an important agricultural center, producing not only cattle but also cotton, corn, and grain.

Civil War and Post-War Era

The American Civil War (1861-1865) brought significant challenges to Atascosa County, as it did for many parts of Texas. As a state that sided with the Confederacy, Texas became embroiled in the war, and Atascosa County was no exception. While no major battles took place in the county, many local men enlisted in the Confederate Army, and the war severely disrupted the region’s economy.

After the war, Atascosa County, like much of the South, faced the difficult task of rebuilding. The abolition of slavery upended the traditional labor system, which had been heavily reliant on enslaved workers. While the economy gradually recovered, it took several decades for the region to stabilize. During the Reconstruction era, the county saw an influx of settlers, both from the South and from other parts of the country, as well as an increasing number of Mexican-American families who had lived in the area long before Texas became part of the United States.

By the late 19th century, the county began to diversify its economy. The growth of railroads made it easier to transport agricultural products to other parts of the state and beyond. This led to the expansion of cotton and grain production, and the establishment of small towns and communities. The population continued to grow, and Atascosa County began to modernize, with new schools, churches, and businesses emerging.

20th Century to Modern Era

In the early 20th century, Atascosa County, like many other rural areas of Texas, began to see changes in its economy and demographics. The oil boom of the 1920s brought newfound wealth to parts of the state, though Atascosa County remained largely agricultural. The county also saw the rise of new industries, including manufacturing and retail, while the oil industry did have some impact on nearby areas.

During the Great Depression, Atascosa County, like much of the country, faced significant economic hardship. Agriculture, particularly cotton, was hit hard, as prices plummeted. However, the county’s agriculture remained resilient, and after the depression, the local economy slowly began to recover.

By mid-century, Atascosa County had grown in both size and population. Its agricultural roots remained strong, but it also began to see a rise in suburban development as San Antonio, located just to the north, expanded. Many people from San Antonio moved to the rural areas of the county in search of more affordable land, and Atascosa County became part of the greater metropolitan area. New highways and infrastructure improvements further facilitated this suburban growth.

In the latter half of the 20th century and into the 21st century, Atascosa County has continued to evolve. While agriculture, ranching, and oil remain important industries, the county has also benefited from tourism, historical preservation, and its proximity to San Antonio. With a focus on growth and development, the county continues to build upon its historical roots, while embracing the future.

Historical Sites in Atascosa County

Atascosa County is home to several significant historical sites that reflect its agricultural, cultural, and political history. From early settlement to its role in the Texas Revolution and beyond, these landmarks provide a glimpse into the county’s rich past.

1. Atascosa County Courthouse

Overview: The Atascosa County Courthouse, located in Jourdanton, is a symbol of the county’s governmental history. Built in 1912, the courthouse is an architectural landmark, featuring Romanesque Revival style. It stands as a testament to the county’s growth and modernization during the early 20th century.

Location: 1 Courthouse Circle, Jourdanton, TX 78026
Ticket Price: Free
Parking Information: Free parking available around the courthouse square.

2. Jourdanton Heritage Museum

Overview: The Jourdanton Heritage Museum houses exhibits on the history of Jourdanton and Atascosa County. It includes artifacts from the region’s early settlements, ranching culture, and the Texas Revolution. The museum also features historical photographs and displays highlighting the agricultural history of the county.

Location: 215 W. Oaklawn Road, Jourdanton, TX 78026
Ticket Price: Free (donations accepted)
Parking Information: Free parking available on-site.

3. Poteet Strawberry Festival Grounds

Overview: The Poteet Strawberry Festival is a beloved local tradition, celebrating the county’s strawberry farming heritage. The festival grounds, located in Poteet, Texas, host annual events and fairs showcasing local culture, music, food, and agriculture. The area is historically significant for its role in the development of agriculture in the region.

Location: 9192 TX-16, Poteet, TX 78065
Ticket Price: Varies by event
Parking Information: Ample parking available during events.

4. The Texas-Mexico Borderlands

Overview: Atascosa County lies along the U.S.-Mexico border, a region with a rich cultural history shaped by Mexican and Anglo-American interactions. The area’s heritage is visible in its architecture, food, and festivals. The nearby border towns of Laredo and Eagle Pass play a role in connecting the county to both U.S. and Mexican history.

Location: Various locations along the Texas-Mexico border
Ticket Price: Free
Parking Information: Available in border towns like Laredo and Eagle Pass.

County Facts

Geography and Climate

Atascosa County covers an area of 1,223 square miles in the southern part of Texas. The county is primarily characterized by gently rolling hills, river valleys, and vast open spaces. It is part of the Edwards Plateau, and the county’s diverse landscapes provide opportunities for both agriculture and recreation.

The climate in Atascosa County is hot and dry during the summer, with average temperatures exceeding 90°F (32°C) in July. Winters are mild, with average temperatures ranging between 50°F (10°C) and 60°F (15°C). The county receives about 30 inches of rainfall annually, with most of the precipitation falling between May and October.

Key County Facts

• Year Founded: 1856
• County Seat: Jourdanton
• Population: Approximately 50,000 (as of 2020)
• Population Density: 41 people per square mile
• Largest Cities: Pleasanton, Jourdanton, Poteet
• Major Highways: U.S. Highway 281, Texas State Highway 16, Texas State Highway 97
• Adjacent Counties: Bexar County, Wilson County, Frio County, McMullen County, Live Oak County