Grenada Facts

by countryaah · Published June 3, 2019 · Updated December 12, 2024

Grenada, State of the Caribbean; 344 km², 111,000 residents (2019).Its main part is the island of Grenada (also called Kryddön ), which is the southernmost island in the Windward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, located about 160 km north of Venezuela, north-northwest of Trinidad. The state also includes the southern part of the Grenadines archipelago. The capital is Saint George’s (3,000 residents, 2012).

Country facts

Grenada / Grenada
Country abbreviation: DG
Area: 344 km²
Population (2019): 111,000 residents
Capital: Saint George’s
Main language: English
State: Monarchy
Head of State: Elizabeth II (Queen)
Head of Government: Keith Mitchell
Per capita GDP (2018): US $ 10,834
GNI per capita (2018): US $ 9,780
Currency unit: $ 1 = 100 cents
Currency code: XCD
Country number (telephony): 1
Internet domain name: gd
Time difference compared to Sweden: −5
National Day: February 7 (Declaration of Independence, 1974)

Nature

Land use: forest (9%), agricultural land (35%), other (56%)
Highest mountain: Saint Catherine (840 m asl)

Population

Population density (2019): 323 residents per km²
Natural population growth (2019): 0.7%; birth number 17 ‰, death number 10 ‰
Age structure (2019): 0-14 years (23%), 15-64 (67%), 65- (10%)
Average life expectancy (2019): men 70 years, women 75 years
Infant mortality (2019): 15 per 1,000 live births
Population forecast 2050: 100,000 residents
HDI (2017): 0.772 (place 75 of 189)
Urbanization rate (2019): 36%
Most populous city (2012): Saint George’s (3,000 residents)

Business

Industry’s contribution to GDP (2017): agriculture (7%), industry (16%), service (77%)
Export (2017): US $ 40 million
Main export products: bananas, cocoa, nutmeg
Main exporting countries: USA, Japan, Guyana
Imports (2017): US $ 316 million
Main import products: food, machinery, fuel
Main importing countries: USA, Trinidad and Tobago, China
Railway network: nothing in operation

Geography

Location and Borders

Grenada is an island country located in the Caribbean Sea, lying to the north of Trinidad and Tobago, to the south of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and to the west of Barbados. The country consists of the main island of Grenada and several smaller islands, including Carriacou and Petite Martinique. Grenada’s strategic position in the southeastern Caribbean makes it an important part of the Windward Islands chain. The country has a total area of approximately 344 square kilometers, which makes it one of the smaller nations in the Caribbean, both in terms of population and land area.

Grenada’s location provides it with a tropical climate and access to major shipping lanes, making it a historically significant point for trade, particularly during the colonial era. The island nation has no land borders, with its nearest neighbor being Venezuela, located to the south of Grenada across the Caribbean Sea.

Major Landforms

Grenada’s terrain is characterized by a variety of landforms, ranging from mountains and valleys to coastal plains and beaches. The island is predominantly hilly and mountainous, with the central region being particularly rugged and dominated by the Grand Etang National Park. The park is home to the island’s highest point, Mount St. Catherine, which stands at 840 meters (2,756 feet) above sea level. The mountains in the interior are covered with tropical rainforests, contributing to Grenada’s rich biodiversity.

The island’s coastline features both rocky cliffs and beautiful sandy beaches, particularly along the western and northern shores. Grenada’s beaches, such as Grand Anse Beach, are famous for their fine white sand and crystal-clear waters, making them popular destinations for tourists. The coast is also home to several natural harbors, which historically facilitated the growth of Grenada’s maritime activities.

The island has numerous rivers and streams that flow from the mountainous interior to the coast, many of which have shaped the island’s natural landscape. One of the most significant rivers is the St. John River, which flows from the central highlands to the western part of the island. The fertile valleys formed by these rivers provide suitable land for agricultural activities such as the cultivation of spices, cocoa, and bananas.

Rivers and Lakes

Grenada’s rivers are relatively short but play an essential role in the island’s hydrology and agricultural practices. The St. John River is one of the most prominent rivers on the island, and it runs through the central region, providing water for irrigation and contributing to the island’s water supply. Several other rivers, such as the River Antoine and the Balthazar River, are important for agriculture and the surrounding ecosystems.

While Grenada lacks large lakes, there is a notable body of water known as the Grand Etang Lake, located in the Grand Etang National Park. This lake is a crater lake formed by a volcanic eruption thousands of years ago and is one of the island’s most famous natural landmarks. It provides a habitat for wildlife and serves as a tourist attraction due to its picturesque setting amidst lush rainforests.

Climate

Tropical Climate Zones

Grenada enjoys a tropical climate, with warm temperatures and relatively consistent rainfall throughout the year. The island is influenced by the trade winds, which help moderate temperatures and provide a pleasant climate for much of the year. The average temperature ranges between 24°C (75°F) and 30°C (86°F) year-round, with little variation between seasons. This stable climate makes Grenada ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking, beach outings, and water sports.

The wet season in Grenada lasts from June to December, coinciding with the Caribbean’s hurricane season. During this period, the island experiences heavier rainfall and higher humidity, with occasional tropical storms and hurricanes affecting the region. While Grenada is not as frequently hit by hurricanes as some other Caribbean islands, it remains vulnerable to extreme weather events. The dry season, from January to May, brings lower humidity and less rainfall, making this the most popular time for tourism. The dry season is marked by sunny skies and comfortable temperatures, contributing to the island’s reputation as a year-round destination.

Seasonal Variation

Grenada’s tropical climate is divided into two main seasons: the wet season and the dry season. The wet season, typically from June to December, is characterized by higher humidity and frequent rainfall. This season is essential for replenishing water sources and supporting agriculture, particularly the cultivation of crops such as nutmeg, cocoa, and bananas. However, this time of year also brings the potential for natural disasters, particularly hurricanes, which can sometimes disrupt daily life.

The dry season, from January to May, is marked by less rain and more temperate conditions, making it the peak tourism period on the island. The cooler, less humid air during this season makes it more comfortable for visitors to explore the island’s beaches, rainforests, and mountains. Despite the reduced rainfall, the dry season still offers a variety of outdoor activities, from hiking to sailing and diving.

People

Demographics

Grenada has a population of around 112,000 people, making it one of the smaller nations in the Caribbean. The majority of the population is of African descent, with the roots of this group traced back to the era of the transatlantic slave trade. There are also smaller communities of East Indian, European, and Lebanese descent, with each group contributing to the cultural fabric of the country.

The population of Grenada is predominantly urban, with most people residing in the capital city, St. George’s, and surrounding areas. St. George’s is the country’s economic, political, and cultural hub, home to a significant portion of the population and the majority of the country’s services and infrastructure. Other towns, such as Gouyave and Grenville, also have substantial populations, though much of the island’s rural population lives in smaller communities spread across the island.

Grenada’s population is relatively young, with a median age of approximately 30 years. The country’s fertility rate is moderate, and while life expectancy has increased in recent years, challenges related to healthcare and education remain. Rural areas tend to have higher poverty rates, with people relying on agriculture as their primary means of livelihood.

Language and Religion

The official language of Grenada is English, a legacy of its colonial past under British rule. English is used in government, education, and business, and is spoken fluently by the majority of the population. Grenada also has a variety of Creole languages spoken informally in daily life, particularly in rural areas. Grenadian Creole is an English-based creole with influences from African languages, French, and other Caribbean creoles. It is commonly spoken in homes and communities, especially among older generations.

Religion plays an important role in the lives of many Grenadians, with Christianity being the predominant religion. The majority of the population identifies as Roman Catholic, with the faith having a strong historical presence on the island due to colonial influence. Protestantism, particularly Pentecostal and Anglican denominations, also has a significant following. Small communities of Muslims, Hindus, and Jehovah’s Witnesses exist, but Christianity remains the dominant religion in Grenada.

Religious observances, particularly Christian holidays such as Christmas and Easter, are celebrated with much enthusiasm, often with large family gatherings and community events. The country’s religious festivals, such as Carnival and the Feast of St. George, are celebrated with processions, dancing, and music, reflecting the island’s vibrant cultural life.

Economy

Economic Overview

Grenada’s economy is relatively small, with a reliance on agriculture, tourism, and services. Historically, the economy has been based on the cultivation of crops such as sugar, cocoa, bananas, and nutmeg. In fact, Grenada is one of the world’s leading producers of nutmeg, which remains an important export crop. Cocoa, too, is a significant agricultural product, and Grenada’s cocoa is highly regarded for its quality. The country has also been diversifying its agricultural production to include vegetables, fruits, and spices.

In recent years, tourism has become the most important sector of Grenada’s economy, with the island’s beaches, rainforests, and coral reefs drawing visitors from around the world. Grenada’s popularity as a tourist destination has been bolstered by the island’s natural beauty, rich culture, and reputation for providing a variety of outdoor activities, including hiking, scuba diving, sailing, and fishing. The tourism sector is supported by a range of accommodations, from luxury resorts to smaller, locally-run guesthouses.

Additionally, Grenada has made strides in developing a small but growing offshore finance industry, offering services such as banking, insurance, and international business incorporation. The government has also made efforts to attract foreign investment through various incentives, such as the Citizenship by Investment program, which allows individuals to gain Grenadian citizenship by making a significant economic contribution to the country.

Challenges and Opportunities

Grenada faces several economic challenges, particularly in the areas of poverty, unemployment, and infrastructure. While the country’s tourism industry is thriving, the benefits of this sector are not always equally distributed, and many rural areas continue to experience higher levels of poverty. Additionally, while agriculture is still a key sector, it faces significant vulnerabilities to climate change, with extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, affecting crop production and food security.

Despite these challenges, Grenada has numerous opportunities for economic growth. The tourism sector, particularly eco-tourism, has room for expansion, as more visitors seek out destinations that offer natural beauty and sustainable travel options. Agriculture, particularly the nutmeg and cocoa industries, can also be further developed, with investments in value-added products, such as gourmet chocolate and organic spices, providing opportunities for both local farmers and international markets.

Grenada’s offshore financial services industry has the potential for further growth, particularly as global demand for offshore banking and investment services increases. The country’s investment in infrastructure, such as improved roads and utilities, also presents an opportunity to stimulate economic growth in rural areas and provide better services to the population.

Government

Political Structure

Grenada is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy. The country’s head of state is the Queen of the United Kingdom, represented by a Governor-General in Grenada. The Governor-General’s role is largely ceremonial, with real political power lying with the elected government. The head of government is the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the Governor-General and is usually the leader of the political party that wins the majority of seats in the House of Representatives.

The legislature consists of a bicameral parliament, with the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives has 15 members who are directly elected by the people for five-year terms. The Senate has 13 members who are appointed by the Governor-General, with seven nominated by the Prime Minister and the rest by the leader of the opposition and other groups. The government’s executive powers are vested in the Prime Minister and the Cabinet, who are responsible for setting policies and implementing laws passed by the parliament.

Grenada’s judiciary is independent and based on the English common law system. The country’s legal system is headed by the High Court, and appeals can be made to the Eastern Caribbean Court of Appeal and ultimately to the Privy Council in London.

Political History

Grenada’s political history has been shaped by its colonial past and its struggles for independence. The island was colonized by the French in the 17th century, later passing into British hands in the early 19th century. Grenada remained a British colony until it gained independence in 1974. During this time, the country underwent various social, economic, and political transformations, with the slave trade playing a significant role in shaping its demographics and economy.

After independence, Grenada experienced a period of political instability, culminating in a military coup in 1979. Led by Maurice Bishop, the People’s Revolutionary Government took control of the island, implementing socialist policies and aligning with Cuba. However, the government was overthrown in 1983 after a period of internal conflict and external pressure. Following this, Grenada was invaded by U.S. forces in a move that was controversial at the time but resulted in the restoration of a democratic government.

Since then, Grenada has enjoyed relative political stability, with several peaceful transitions of power. However, political parties in Grenada are often divided along ideological lines, with differing views on the role of government, economic policy, and foreign relations. The country has worked to improve its democratic institutions and governance, addressing issues of corruption and electoral transparency while fostering strong relationships with its regional neighbors.

Culture

Art and Music

Grenada has a vibrant and diverse cultural heritage, shaped by African, indigenous Caribbean, French, and British influences. The island is known for its music, particularly genres such as calypso, soca, and reggae. These musical forms reflect the island’s Afro-Caribbean roots and are often associated with celebrations, festivals, and social gatherings. Grenada also has a rich tradition of storytelling, dance, and drama, which are integral to community life and celebrations.

The island’s art scene is characterized by vibrant colors, particularly in the fields of painting and sculpture. Many artists use their work to reflect Grenada’s natural beauty, history, and social issues. Indigenous crafts such as basket weaving, pottery, and wood carving remain an important part of Grenadian culture, and these artisanal crafts are often passed down through generations.

Festivals and Cuisine

Grenada is famous for its cultural festivals, most notably Carnival, which is celebrated every year in August. This event is marked by colorful parades, dancing, music, and elaborate costumes, and is one of the largest and most vibrant celebrations in the Caribbean. Other significant festivals include the Grenada Chocolate Festival, which celebrates the island’s cocoa industry, and Spice Mas, a celebration of Grenada’s spice heritage, especially nutmeg.

The island’s cuisine reflects its diverse cultural influences, with a heavy emphasis on spices, seafood, and tropical fruits. Traditional dishes include “oil down,” a one-pot stew made with salted meat, breadfruit, and coconut milk, and “callaloo,” a leafy green vegetable dish. Grenadian food is also known for its use of fresh herbs and spices, including cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg. Fresh fish, such as tuna and snapper, is commonly served alongside local vegetables like sweet potatoes and yams.

Literature and Cinema

Grenada has a growing literary tradition, with writers such as Merle Collins and St. John’s P. Adams exploring themes of identity, politics, and the experiences of the Caribbean diaspora. Writers from Grenada often draw on the island’s history, culture, and social issues to create compelling works of fiction, poetry, and historical writing.

In cinema, Grenadian filmmakers have begun to address the country’s political and cultural issues through film. Although the film industry in Grenada is still developing, films exploring the island’s post-colonial identity, natural beauty, and social challenges are beginning to find international audiences. The growth of film festivals in the Caribbean and across the world provides opportunities for Grenadian filmmakers to share their stories and perspectives with a wider audience.