History of Barton County, Missouri
Barton County, located in the southwestern part of Missouri, has a long and rich history, marked by its early settlement, its role in the Civil War, and its development into an important agricultural and industrial hub. Established in 1855, the county was named after Joseph Barton, a prominent early settler. Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, Barton County became known for its fertile farmland, mineral resources, and strategic location along key transportation routes. Today, the county is a vibrant community that celebrates its historical roots while looking forward to future growth and prosperity.
Origins and Early History
Native American Presence
Before European settlers arrived, the region that would become Barton County was inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Osage and Delaware. These tribes lived off the land, hunting and gathering in the forests and prairies that would later attract settlers. The Osage, in particular, had a significant presence in the area, and their territory stretched across much of present-day Missouri, Arkansas, and Kansas.
In the early 1800s, as part of the westward expansion of the United States, Native American tribes were forcibly relocated to reservations through policies such as the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The Osage and other tribes were displaced, and the land became available for settlement by European Americans.
The Establishment of Barton County
Barton County was officially established on January 29, 1855, by an act of the Missouri General Assembly. The county was named after Joseph Barton, a pioneer who was instrumental in the early development of the region. Initially part of Jasper County, Barton County was formed due to the increasing population and the desire to create local governments that could better serve the needs of settlers.
At the time of its establishment, Barton County was largely rural, with settlers relying on agriculture and natural resources for their livelihoods. The county’s location along key river routes, including the Spring River, made it an ideal area for farming and trade. Early industries in the area included farming, timber harvesting, and mining, with settlers finding rich deposits of lead and zinc in the local hills.
Early Settlers and Agriculture
As with much of southwestern Missouri, Barton County’s early settlers were predominantly of European descent, with many coming from Tennessee, Kentucky, and the Carolinas. The settlers built log cabins, cleared the land, and began farming, growing crops such as corn, wheat, and tobacco. The fertile soil along the rivers and streams allowed for successful agricultural production.
During the late 19th century, Barton County became known for its agricultural output, including the cultivation of cotton, which was a significant cash crop for many families. By the early 20th century, the county had also become a center for livestock farming, particularly cattle and hogs, which helped bolster its economy.
Key Historical Events
The Civil War Era
Barton County’s role during the American Civil War was marked by division and conflict. Missouri itself was a border state, and loyalties were split between Union and Confederate sympathizers. While the majority of Missouri’s population supported the Union, there were pockets of Confederate supporters throughout the state, particularly in rural areas.
Barton County was no exception. The county saw its share of skirmishes, raids, and battles between Union and Confederate forces, as well as local guerrilla warfare. The conflict in Barton County mirrored the larger struggle in Missouri, with both sides vying for control of strategic resources and routes.
One of the most significant events in the county’s Civil War history was the Battle of Carthage, fought in nearby Jasper County in 1861. Although the battle itself was not fought in Barton County, it had a major impact on the region, with many local residents becoming involved in the conflict, either as soldiers or as supporters of one side or the other.
After the war, Barton County, like much of the South, struggled to recover economically. The county’s agricultural economy had been disrupted by the conflict, and rebuilding efforts took time.
The Development of the Railroad
In the late 19th century, the arrival of the railroad in Barton County marked a turning point in the region’s development. The railroad connected Barton County to larger markets and allowed for the easier transportation of goods, including agricultural products, timber, and minerals. The county’s location along key rail lines also made it a hub for trade and commerce in southwestern Missouri.
The railroad brought new economic opportunities to the area, including the establishment of mills, factories, and other industrial businesses. By the early 20th century, the county’s economy had diversified beyond agriculture, and industries such as manufacturing and retail began to thrive.
The Great Depression and World War II
Like much of the United States, Barton County was deeply affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s. Unemployment rates soared, and many farmers and businesses struggled to stay afloat. However, the outbreak of World War II brought renewed economic activity to the county. Barton County’s strategic location in the Midwest allowed for the production of war materials, and local factories and farms played a critical role in supplying the war effort.
After the war, Barton County, like much of the country, experienced a period of growth and modernization. The post-war boom brought new jobs, infrastructure development, and a surge in population, particularly in towns like Lamar and Stockton. By the 1950s, the county had become an increasingly urbanized region, although agriculture continued to play a key role in its economy.
Historical Sites in Barton County
1. Barton County Historical Society Museum
Overview
The Barton County Historical Society Museum offers visitors a comprehensive look at the county’s history, from its early Native American inhabitants to its role in the Civil War and beyond. The museum houses a vast collection of artifacts, including photographs, documents, and personal items from early settlers. Exhibits cover a wide range of topics, including the region’s mining history, agricultural roots, and the role of the railroad in local development.
Location
Barton County Historical Society Museum, 200 E 12th St, Lamar, MO
Ticket Price
Admission is free, although donations are encouraged.
Parking Information
Free parking is available in the museum’s parking lot.
2. Lamar City Park and Veterans Memorial
Overview
Lamar City Park is a well-preserved historical park that offers visitors a chance to explore the history of the area while enjoying the natural beauty of southwestern Missouri. The park features walking trails, picnic areas, and historical markers that tell the story of Lamar’s early years. The Veterans Memorial honors local servicemen and women who served in the armed forces.
Location
Lamar City Park, 1501 E 12th St, Lamar, MO
Ticket Price
Free
Parking Information
Free parking is available in the park’s parking lot.
3. Red Oak II
Overview
Red Oak II is a living history museum and restored town that offers a glimpse into the life of early 20th-century Missouri. The town was created by artist Lowell Davis and features restored buildings, including a general store, a church, and homes, all set in a historically accurate representation of a rural town. Visitors can walk through the town, explore the buildings, and learn about the history of the area.
Location
Red Oak II, 18 miles northeast of Lamar, MO off Hwy 160
Ticket Price
Free, donations welcome.
Parking Information
Free parking is available near the site.
4. Civil War Monument, Lamar
Overview
The Civil War Monument in Lamar is a tribute to the soldiers who fought and died during the American Civil War, particularly those who fought in Missouri. The monument, located in the center of Lamar, is a significant historical landmark that commemorates the county’s role in the war and the local impact of the conflict.
Location
Lamar City Square, Lamar, MO
Ticket Price
Free
Parking Information
Street parking is available near the monument.
County Facts
Geography and Climate
Barton County is located in southwestern Missouri, covering an area of 595 square miles. The county is characterized by rolling hills, fertile farmland, and numerous rivers, including the Marmaton River and Spring River. The county’s landscape is a mix of forests, prairies, and wetlands, providing ample opportunities for outdoor recreation, including hiking, fishing, and hunting.
The climate in Barton County is classified as humid subtropical, with hot summers and mild winters. The county experiences moderate precipitation throughout the year, with the highest rainfall occurring in the spring and summer months.
Key Facts
- Year Founded: 1855
- County Seat: Lamar
- Population: Approximately 12,000 (2020 Census)
- Population Density: 20 people per square mile
- Largest Cities: Lamar, Liberal, Golden City
- Major Highways: U.S. Route 71, Missouri State Route 43, Missouri State Route 126
- Adjacent Counties: Jasper County, Dade County, Greene County, Cedar County, Barton County, Kansas (Cherokee County)
