History of Bartholomew County, Indiana
Bartholomew County, located in the southern part of Indiana, has a rich and storied history dating back to the early 19th century. Established in 1821, the county was named in honor of the Reverend Joseph Bartholomew, a prominent early settler. Its strategic location, rich soil, and accessibility to transportation routes helped it develop quickly into a vital center for agriculture and industry. Throughout the years, Bartholomew County has witnessed significant growth and transformation, marked by its pivotal role in Indiana’s development and its cultural contributions. Today, it is known for its dynamic economy, historical landmarks, and vibrant community.
Origins and Early History
Native American Presence
Before European settlers arrived in the early 19th century, the land that would become Bartholomew County was inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Shawnee, Miami, and Delaware. These tribes lived along the White River, which provided them with resources for hunting, fishing, and trade. The fertile land and abundant water sources in the region made it a desirable area for settlement.
The arrival of European settlers and the subsequent expansion of the United States into the western frontier led to conflict and displacement of Native American tribes. By the early 1800s, the U.S. government implemented policies that forced the relocation of many Native American groups through treaties and military action, including the infamous Trail of Tears. As a result, the land was opened up for settlement by European Americans.
The Formation of Bartholomew County
Bartholomew County was officially established on December 26, 1821, by the Indiana General Assembly. It was formed from parts of Jefferson, Jackson, and Shelby counties, and its initial boundaries were much larger than they are today, with several neighboring counties later being carved out of its land.
The county was named after Reverend Joseph Bartholomew, a missionary and early settler in the area. His contributions to the community, particularly in the religious and educational sectors, made him a fitting namesake for the county. The first county seat was located in the town of Taylorsville, but by 1826, it was moved to the current county seat, Columbus, due to its more central location and growing population.
Key Historical Events
Settlement and Agriculture
The first permanent settlers arrived in Bartholomew County in the early 1800s, drawn by the fertile land along the White River. These early pioneers cleared forests, built homes, and established farms, primarily cultivating crops like corn, wheat, and tobacco. The county’s agricultural success, particularly in farming and livestock, helped it thrive during its formative years.
As the county developed, small communities began to form, including the towns of Columbus, Taylorsville, and Hope. The advent of the railroad in the mid-19th century provided further economic opportunities by connecting Bartholomew County to other parts of Indiana and the larger national market. This transportation link allowed for the shipment of local goods, such as grain, livestock, and timber, which fueled the county’s growth.
The Industrial Revolution
By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Bartholomew County transitioned from an agrarian economy to one that embraced industry. One of the most significant events in the county’s history was the establishment of Cummins Engine Company in 1919 in Columbus. Cummins, which began as a small diesel engine manufacturer, grew to become one of the world’s leading producers of diesel and natural gas engines. The company played a central role in transforming Columbus and Bartholomew County into an industrial hub.
During the early 20th century, Bartholomew County also saw the development of other industries, including manufacturing, textiles, and food processing. The expansion of the railroad network and the construction of highways allowed the county to further integrate with the regional and national economy.
The Great Depression and World War II
Like much of the United States, Bartholomew County was deeply affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s. The local economy, primarily based on agriculture and industry, suffered as businesses closed, and unemployment soared. However, with the outbreak of World War II in 1941, Bartholomew County experienced an economic resurgence. The defense industry grew, and local manufacturing plants, including Cummins, converted to wartime production. This shift helped stabilize the economy and provide jobs for thousands of workers.
Post-War Growth and Modernization
After World War II, Bartholomew County experienced significant population growth and urbanization, especially in its county seat, Columbus. The success of Cummins Engine Company and the development of other local industries, such as manufacturing and distribution, created a demand for housing, schools, and infrastructure. The 1950s and 1960s saw the construction of new highways, modern schools, and hospitals, which helped modernize the county.
In the 1970s, Columbus became known for its innovative architectural designs. The city attracted renowned architects, including I. M. Pei, Eero Saarinen, and Richard Meier, who helped develop the city’s unique urban landscape. The city became a living museum of modernist architecture, earning it national and international acclaim.
Historical Sites in Bartholomew County
1. The Bartholomew County Historical Society Museum
Overview
The Bartholomew County Historical Society Museum showcases the history of the county, from its Native American origins to its agricultural roots and industrial growth. The museum features exhibits on the county’s early settlers, the impact of the railroad, and the rise of Cummins Engine Company.
Location
The Bartholomew County Historical Society Museum is located at 524 3rd St, Columbus, IN.
Ticket Price
Admission is free, though donations are appreciated.
Parking Information
Free parking is available in nearby public parking lots.
2. Cummins Engine Company Visitor Center
Overview
The Cummins Engine Company Visitor Center offers a fascinating look at the history of one of Bartholomew County’s most important companies. The center highlights the company’s evolution from its founding in 1919 to its current global operations. It features historical exhibits, engine displays, and information about Cummins’ impact on the local economy.
Location
Cummins Engine Company Visitor Center, 500 Jackson St, Columbus, IN.
Ticket Price
Admission is free, but tours are by appointment only.
Parking Information
Parking is available on-site, with additional spaces in nearby parking lots.
3. Mill Race Park
Overview
Mill Race Park, located in Columbus, is a beautiful park that features a variety of historical landmarks, including an old mill and historic bridges. The park is a popular spot for outdoor activities, such as walking, picnicking, and enjoying the natural beauty of the area.
Location
Mill Race Park, 50 6th St, Columbus, IN.
Ticket Price
Free
Parking Information
Free parking is available in the park’s designated parking lot.
4. Zaharakos Ice Cream Parlor and Museum
Overview
Zaharakos Ice Cream Parlor, an iconic establishment in Columbus, has been serving ice cream and sodas since 1900. The parlor is famous for its historic decor and vintage soda fountain. Visitors can enjoy a treat while exploring the museum section, which offers a glimpse into the history of the establishment and the community.
Location
Zaharakos Ice Cream Parlor, 329 Washington St, Columbus, IN.
Ticket Price
There is no admission fee, but food and beverages are for purchase.
Parking Information
Street parking is available near the parlor.
County Facts
Geography and Climate
Bartholomew County is located in southern Indiana and covers an area of approximately 409 square miles. The county’s geography is characterized by rolling hills, fertile farmland, and numerous rivers and streams, including the East Fork White River. The county is known for its rich soil and agriculture, particularly corn and soybean production.
The climate in Bartholomew County is classified as humid continental, with hot summers and cold winters. The county receives moderate precipitation throughout the year, with slightly more rainfall in the spring and summer months.
Key Facts
- Year Founded: 1821
- County Seat: Columbus
- Population: Approximately 85,000 (2020 Census)
- Population Density: 208 people per square mile
- Largest Cities: Columbus, Hope, Taylorsville
- Major Highways: Interstate 65, U.S. Route 31, U.S. Route 46, State Route 7
- Adjacent Counties: Johnson County, Shelby County, Decatur County, Jennings County, Jackson County
