History of Anoka County, Minnesota

Anoka County, located in Minnesota’s Twin Cities metropolitan area, has a rich history rooted in early Native American settlements, European exploration, and agricultural development. It was officially established in 1857 and named after the Anoka River, with the name believed to be derived from the Dakota word meaning “on both sides” or “working waters.” Over the centuries, the county has transitioned from lush forested land, primarily occupied by the Dakota and Ojibwe tribes, to a modern suburban area. Its strategic location along the Mississippi River and proximity to the bustling Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area has made it a key player in urban expansion, industry, and recreation.

Origins and Early History

Native American and Early European Contact

Before European settlers arrived, the land that would become Anoka County was home to the Dakota and Ojibwe peoples. The Dakota Sioux primarily inhabited the area along the Mississippi River, and they called the region “Minnehaha,” which means “laughing waters.” These tribes lived off the land, hunting, fishing, and cultivating crops such as maize, beans, and squash. The river was central to their lives, both as a transportation route and a source of sustenance.

In the early 17th century, French explorers began making their way into the interior of North America, and by the late 1600s, European trade networks had reached the region. French-Canadian fur traders introduced new goods and trading practices to the local tribes, fundamentally altering the Native American way of life. However, the arrival of European settlers brought with it disease, displacement, and conflict, and by the mid-1800s, the Dakota and Ojibwe peoples had been forcibly relocated or confined to reservations in the western part of the state.

Establishment of Anoka County

In 1857, Anoka County was officially established by the Minnesota Legislature as one of the original counties of the state. The name “Anoka” is believed to have come from the Dakota language, meaning “on both sides” or “working waters,” a reference to the county’s location along the Mississippi and Rum Rivers. Early settlement in the area was driven by agriculture, particularly farming and logging, as settlers took advantage of the fertile soil and dense forests.

The first permanent European settlers began arriving in the early 1800s, with scattered cabins and farms appearing along the banks of the Mississippi River and the Rum River. In 1844, Henry Jackson, one of the first settlers, established a trading post near what would become the city of Anoka. This trading post acted as a commercial hub and served as a focal point for future settlement.

Growth and Development in the 19th Century

As more settlers arrived, the county’s economy grew, particularly in agriculture. Farming became the cornerstone of the early economy, with settlers planting crops such as corn, wheat, oats, and potatoes. Logging also played a significant role in the early years, with the dense forests of the region providing valuable timber for building and fuel. The introduction of the railroad in the late 1800s facilitated the transportation of goods to larger cities, further contributing to the area’s growth.

By the late 1800s, Anoka was incorporated as a village in 1878, and later as a city in 1896. The area became known as the “Halloween Capital of the World,” a tradition that has continued to this day, with the city hosting annual Halloween parades and festivals. The Mississippi River and Rum River served as important waterways, both for trade and transportation, and the railroad made Anoka a regional transportation hub, further boosting its economy.

Key Historical Events

The Formation of Anoka as a Regional Hub

In the early 1900s, Anoka County became an important regional hub for transportation and industry. The completion of key railroad lines facilitated the movement of goods to Minneapolis and St. Paul, and the county saw an influx of manufacturing industries, including grain milling, lumber, and furniture making. At the same time, Anoka’s proximity to the Mississippi River and the growth of suburban development played a key role in shaping the county’s future.

The county’s economy continued to diversify with the rise of paper mills and the expansion of agriculture in the region. The industrial growth of Anoka, as well as the surrounding communities, helped shape the county’s identity and provide jobs for residents. By the 1920s, Anoka had established itself as the commercial center of the county.

The Great Depression and Its Impact

Like many other parts of the United States, Anoka County felt the effects of the Great Depression in the 1930s. Unemployment surged, and many industries faced difficult financial times. However, the county’s economy began to recover in the late 1930s and early 1940s, driven in part by the wartime economy of World War II. Anoka and surrounding areas saw an uptick in manufacturing, especially with the rise of industries related to military production and aviation.

The War Production Board helped Anoka’s industrial base shift towards the production of materials needed for the war effort. The establishment of military bases and defense factories in nearby cities further propelled the region’s growth. By the time the war ended in 1945, the economy of Anoka County had diversified and adapted, with a focus on manufacturing, defense, and agriculture.

Suburbanization and Modern Growth

Following World War II, Anoka County began to experience rapid growth as suburbanization took hold across the United States. As residents moved from the urban centers of Minneapolis and St. Paul to the more rural areas of Anoka County, the population surged. Interstate highways, particularly I-35W and I-694, made it easier to commute to the Twin Cities, and Anoka County became a sought-after location for families looking for affordable housing and more space.

By the late 20th century, Anoka County had become a thriving suburban region, with residential areas, shopping centers, and business parks sprouting up throughout the county. Today, Anoka County is one of the fastest-growing counties in the Twin Cities metropolitan area.

Historical Sites

Anoka County History Center and Library

Overview

The Anoka County History Center and Library is dedicated to preserving the rich history of Anoka County. The museum’s exhibits cover the area’s early Native American heritage, European settlement, and industrial development. Visitors can explore artifacts, photographs, and documents related to the county’s past.

Location

Anoka County History Center and Library, 2135 3rd Ave N, Anoka, MN.

Ticket Price

Admission is free, although donations are appreciated.

Parking Information

Free parking is available on-site.

Anoka’s Historic Main Street District

Overview

The Historic Main Street District of Anoka is home to several historic buildings, including early homes, commercial structures, and churches dating back to the 19th century. Many of these buildings have been preserved or restored and now house local businesses, cafes, and restaurants.

Location

Anoka Historic Main Street District, 1st Ave to 7th Ave, Anoka, MN.

Ticket Price

Free to visit and walk through the district.

Parking Information

Public parking is available in several lots and along the street.

The Anoka Dam

Overview

The Anoka Dam was constructed in the early 20th century and is located on the Rum River. The dam played a vital role in controlling the flow of water, particularly during periods of heavy rainfall and flooding. The area surrounding the dam has been developed into a scenic park and recreation area.

Location

Anoka Dam, 15th Ave NW, Anoka, MN.

Ticket Price

Free access to the park and surrounding areas.

Parking Information

Parking is available in the nearby park lot.

Bunker Hills Regional Park

Overview

Bunker Hills Regional Park is a large public park that offers a glimpse of the county’s natural beauty. The park features a variety of outdoor activities, including hiking, fishing, swimming, and picnicking. The park’s history goes back to the early 20th century when it was used as a training site for military personnel during World War II.

Location

Bunker Hills Regional Park, 550 Bunker Lake Blvd NW, Coon Rapids, MN.

Ticket Price

Free to enter, although some amenities like the swimming pool or golf course may require a fee.

Parking Information

Parking is available at several locations throughout the park.

County Facts

Geography and Climate

Anoka County is located in the east-central part of Minnesota and is part of the Twin Cities metropolitan area. The county is characterized by a mix of forests, wetlands, and prairies, with numerous lakes and rivers, including the Mississippi River and the Rum River, which provide both recreational opportunities and natural beauty. The county’s landscape is typical of the upper Midwest, with rolling hills and wooded areas.

The climate in Anoka County is classified as humid continental, with cold winters and warm, humid summers. Average summer temperatures range from 70°F to 85°F, while winter temperatures often dip below 0°F during cold spells. The region experiences significant snowfall during the winter months, averaging over 50 inches per year.

Key County Facts

• Year Founded: 1857
• County Seat: Anoka
• Population: Approximately 363,000
• Population Density: 1,200 people per square mile
• Largest Cities: Anoka, Coon Rapids, Blaine
• Major Highways: I-35W, I-694, U.S. Highway 10
• Adjacent Counties:
  • To the north: Sherburne County
  • To the south: Hennepin County
  • To the east: Washington County
  • To the west: Isanti County