Famous Landmarks in Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is located in the Caribbean, bordered by the Straits of Florida to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the south, Jamaica to the west, and Haiti and The Bahamas to the east. The capital city is Havana, with other major cities including Santiago de Cuba, Camagüey, and Holguín. Cuba has a state-controlled economy, with key sectors in tourism, tobacco, sugar, and biotechnology. Major landmarks include the Malecón, the Varadero Beach, and Havana’s Old Town, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Cuba is a member of the United Nations (UN), the Non-Aligned Movement, and the Latin American and Caribbean Economic System (SELAC). The country faces challenges related to its ongoing economic embargo, political freedoms, and access to international markets.
Top 10 Landmarks in Cuba
Cuba’s natural attractions are equally impressive, with the Viñales Valley, the Sierra Maestra mountains, and the unspoiled beaches of Varadero and Cayo Coco providing endless opportunities for outdoor exploration. Whether you are drawn by history, culture, nature, or relaxation, Cuba offers a dynamic travel experience unlike any other in the Caribbean.
Top 10 Famous Landmarks in Cuba
1. Old Havana (La Habana Vieja)
Landmark Overview
Old Havana, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is the historical heart of Cuba’s capital city. Known for its narrow, cobblestone streets, vibrant plazas, and impressive colonial architecture, Old Havana is home to many of Cuba’s most famous landmarks, including the Cathedral of Havana, the Capitolio, and the Plaza de Armas. Visitors can explore historic forts, museums, and local markets while enjoying the unique atmosphere of this timeless district.
Location
Old Havana is located in the capital city of Havana.
Ticket Price
Access to Old Havana’s streets is free, though many of the individual landmarks within the area, such as museums and cathedrals, may charge entrance fees ranging from $2 to $10 USD.
Nearby Airports
- José Martí International Airport (HAV): Located about 20 km from Old Havana, approximately a 30-minute drive.
Railway Stations
- Havana Central Railway Station: The main railway station in Havana, located near Old Havana.
Special Attention
- Many of the streets are pedestrian-only, so plan to explore on foot.
- It’s best to visit early in the morning or later in the afternoon to avoid the heat.
- Some areas of Old Havana can be crowded, especially near major landmarks like the Plaza de la Catedral.
2. Varadero Beach
Landmark Overview
Varadero Beach is one of the most famous and beautiful beaches in the Caribbean. Located on the Hicacos Peninsula, Varadero offers 20 kilometers of powdery white sand and crystal-clear waters, making it a top destination for beach lovers. The area is lined with resorts, restaurants, and recreational activities such as snorkeling, diving, and boating. Varadero is known for its calm waters and family-friendly environment, making it a popular vacation spot for both locals and international tourists.
Location
Varadero Beach is located on the Hicacos Peninsula, about 140 km east of Havana.
Ticket Price
Access to the beach is free, though some resorts and recreational activities, such as water sports, may charge fees.
Nearby Airports
- Juan Gualberto Gómez Airport (VRA): About 25 km from Varadero, a 30-minute drive.
Railway Stations
- Matanzas Railway Station: The closest railway station, located about 40 km from Varadero. Buses and taxis are available to the beach.
Special Attention
- Varadero can get crowded during peak tourist seasons, so visit in the early morning or late afternoon for a quieter experience.
- Sun protection is essential, as the beach offers little shade.
- Many all-inclusive resorts are located along the beach, offering a wide range of services and amenities.
3. Viñales Valley
Landmark Overview
Viñales Valley, located in the western part of Cuba, is a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its stunning natural beauty and traditional tobacco farms. The valley is characterized by its unique limestone karst formations known as mogotes, which rise dramatically from the flat landscape. Visitors to Viñales can explore the region’s caves, hike through the lush countryside, and visit tobacco farms to learn about Cuba’s cigar-making tradition. The town of Viñales itself is a charming place with colorful houses and friendly locals.
Location
Viñales Valley is located in the Pinar del Río Province, about 180 km west of Havana.
Ticket Price
There is no entrance fee for the valley, though certain attractions within the area, such as guided tours and horseback riding excursions, may have costs ranging from $10 to $50 USD.
Nearby Airports
- José Martí International Airport (HAV): About 180 km from Viñales, a 2.5-hour drive.
Railway Stations
There are no railway services to Viñales. The area is accessible by bus or car from Havana.
Special Attention
- The best way to explore the valley is on horseback or by bike, as this allows you to cover more ground and experience the landscape up close.
- Tobacco farms are popular with tourists, so be sure to visit one to learn about cigar production.
- Viñales can be cooler than other parts of Cuba, especially in the early morning and evening, so bring a light jacket.
4. El Malecón
Landmark Overview
El Malecón is Havana’s iconic seawall and promenade, stretching 8 kilometers along the city’s coast. Built in the early 20th century, El Malecón is a popular spot for locals and tourists alike, offering stunning views of the ocean and Havana’s historic architecture. The promenade comes alive in the evening, as people gather to watch the sunset, fish, or simply enjoy the ocean breeze. El Malecón is a symbol of Havana’s cultural life and is often considered the city’s heartbeat.
Location
El Malecón runs along the northern coast of Havana, connecting Old Havana with the Vedado and Miramar neighborhoods.
Ticket Price
El Malecón is free to access.
Nearby Airports
- José Martí International Airport (HAV): About 20 km from El Malecón, a 25-minute drive.
Railway Stations
- Havana Central Railway Station: Located near the eastern end of El Malecón, providing easy access to the promenade.
Special Attention
- The best time to visit El Malecón is in the evening, when the sunset lights up the ocean and the city.
- The promenade can be windy, so dress accordingly.
- Be cautious of large waves crashing over the seawall during rough weather.
5. Trinidad and the Valley of the Sugar Mills
Landmark Overview
The city of Trinidad, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a beautifully preserved colonial town known for its cobblestone streets, colorful buildings, and rich history. The nearby Valley of the Sugar Mills (Valle de los Ingenios) was once the center of Cuba’s sugar industry, and visitors can explore the ruins of old sugar mills and plantations. Highlights of Trinidad include the Plaza Mayor, the Museo Romántico, and the Church of the Holy Trinity. The city’s vibrant cultural scene includes live music, local markets, and traditional crafts.
Location
Trinidad is located in central Cuba, about 315 km southeast of Havana.
Ticket Price
Access to the city of Trinidad is free, but many of the museums and attractions within the city, such as the Museo Romántico, charge entrance fees ranging from $1 to $5 USD.
Nearby Airports
- Abel Santamaría Airport (SNU): Located about 80 km from Trinidad, a 1.5-hour drive.
- José Martí International Airport (HAV): About 315 km from Trinidad, a 4-hour drive.
Railway Stations
- Trinidad Railway Station: Provides train services to nearby towns, though services are infrequent.
Special Attention
- The cobblestone streets can be uneven, so wear comfortable shoes for walking.
- Many of the historical sites are concentrated around the Plaza Mayor, making it easy to explore on foot.
- The nearby Valley of the Sugar Mills offers a unique glimpse into Cuba’s industrial past and is worth a visit.
6. Castillo del Morro (Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro)
Landmark Overview
Castillo del Morro, also known as the Castle of the Three Kings of Morro, is a historic fortress guarding the entrance to Havana Bay. Built in the late 16th century to defend against pirate attacks, the fortress offers panoramic views of the harbor and the city. Today, Castillo del Morro houses a maritime museum and is known for its nightly cannon-firing ceremony, which reenacts a colonial-era tradition. The fortress is one of Havana’s most iconic landmarks and a popular spot for history enthusiasts.
Location
Castillo del Morro is located at the entrance to Havana Bay, across from Old Havana.
Ticket Price
Entrance to the fortress costs about $6 USD.
Nearby Airports
- José Martí International Airport (HAV): About 25 km from the fortress, a 30-minute drive.
Railway Stations
- Havana Central Railway Station: Located about 5 km from the fortress, accessible by car or taxi.
Special Attention
- The best time to visit is in the late afternoon, so you can explore the fortress and stay for the 9 p.m. cannon-firing ceremony.
- The fortress offers little shade, so bring a hat and sunscreen if visiting during the day.
- There are steep steps and narrow passageways inside the fortress, so be cautious when exploring.
7. Revolution Square (Plaza de la Revolución)
Landmark Overview
Revolution Square, located in the heart of Havana, is one of the largest public squares in the world and holds great historical significance. The square is known for its massive monuments to national heroes, including a 109-meter-tall tower dedicated to José Martí and the iconic image of Che Guevara on the Ministry of the Interior building. Revolution Square has been the site of many important political events, including speeches by Fidel Castro, and remains a central location for national celebrations and demonstrations.
Location
Revolution Square is located in the Vedado neighborhood of Havana.
Ticket Price
The square is free to access. There is a small fee to enter the José Martí Memorial.
Nearby Airports
- José Martí International Airport (HAV): About 15 km from Revolution Square, a 20-minute drive.
Railway Stations
- Havana Central Railway Station: Located about 5 km from the square, accessible by taxi or bus.
Special Attention
- The square is expansive and can get very hot during the day, so visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon.
- The José Martí Memorial offers an observation deck with great views of the city.
- Be sure to check for any scheduled events or demonstrations before visiting, as these can affect access to the square.
8. Bay of Pigs (Bahía de Cochinos)
Landmark Overview
The Bay of Pigs is a historic site on the southern coast of Cuba, known for the failed U.S.-backed invasion in 1961. The area is now a popular tourist destination, particularly for its pristine beaches and excellent diving and snorkeling opportunities. The nearby towns of Playa Girón and Playa Larga offer a mix of history and natural beauty, with museums dedicated to the invasion and the opportunity to explore Cuba’s rich marine life in the surrounding coral reefs.
Location
The Bay of Pigs is located on the southern coast of Cuba, in the Matanzas Province, about 160 km southeast of Havana.
Ticket Price
Access to the beaches is free, though some diving and snorkeling tours may have fees ranging from $20 to $50 USD.
Nearby Airports
- José Martí International Airport (HAV): About 160 km from the Bay of Pigs, a 2-hour drive.
Railway Stations
There are no railway services to the Bay of Pigs. The area is accessible by car or bus from Havana or Matanzas.
Special Attention
- The best time for diving and snorkeling is during the dry season (November to April), when the water is clearest.
- Visit the Museo de Playa Girón to learn about the history of the invasion.
- The beaches can be remote, so bring food, water, and sunscreen for your visit.
9. Cayo Coco
Landmark Overview
Cayo Coco is a stunning island located off the northern coast of Cuba, famous for its white-sand beaches, turquoise waters, and luxury resorts. The island is part of the Jardines del Rey archipelago and is a paradise for beach lovers and nature enthusiasts. Cayo Coco is home to a wide range of wildlife, including flamingos, and offers excellent opportunities for snorkeling, diving, and birdwatching. The island’s tranquil environment and upscale accommodations make it a popular destination for honeymooners and those seeking a peaceful retreat.
Location
Cayo Coco is located off the northern coast of Cuba, in the Ciego de Ávila Province.
Ticket Price
Access to the beaches is free, though certain resorts and water sports may charge fees.
Nearby Airports
- Jardines del Rey Airport (CCC): Located on Cayo Coco, providing direct access to the island.
Railway Stations
There are no railway services to Cayo Coco. The island is connected to the mainland by a causeway, making it accessible by car or bus.
Special Attention
- The best time to visit Cayo Coco is during the dry season, from November to April, when the weather is most pleasant.
- Many of the island’s resorts are all-inclusive, offering a range of services and amenities.
- The island is relatively remote, so bring any essential supplies you may need.
10. Castillo de San Pedro de la Roca (Santiago de Cuba)
Landmark Overview
Castillo de San Pedro de la Roca, also known as Castillo del Morro, is a 17th-century fortress located on the outskirts of Santiago de Cuba. Built to protect the city from pirate attacks, the fortress is now a UNESCO World Heritage site and offers spectacular views of the Caribbean Sea. Visitors can explore the well-preserved fortifications, dungeons, and cannons while learning about the region’s history through exhibits in the on-site museum. The castle’s strategic location on a cliffside makes it a popular spot for watching the sunset.
Location
Castillo de San Pedro de la Roca is located about 10 km southwest of Santiago de Cuba.
Ticket Price
Entrance to the fortress costs about $5 USD.
Nearby Airports
- Antonio Maceo International Airport (SCU): Located about 20 km from the fortress, a 30-minute drive.
Railway Stations
- Santiago de Cuba Railway Station: Located about 12 km from the fortress, accessible by car or taxi.
Special Attention
- The fortress offers little shade, so bring a hat, sunscreen, and water if visiting during the day.
- The museum provides a detailed history of the fortress and its role in defending the city.
- Visit in the late afternoon to catch a stunning sunset over the Caribbean Sea.
