History of Avery County, North Carolina
Avery County, North Carolina, is nestled in the scenic Appalachian Mountains, known for its rugged beauty, historical significance, and outdoor recreational opportunities. Founded in 1911 and named after Colonel Waightstill Avery, a prominent figure in North Carolina’s revolutionary history, the county has evolved from a region originally inhabited by Cherokee Native Americans to a thriving rural community. Over the years, Avery County has played a pivotal role in the development of western North Carolina, attracting settlers with its natural resources, scenic landscapes, and location along important trade routes. Today, it is a popular destination for those seeking to explore the Appalachian culture and outdoor activities.
Origins and Early History
Cherokee Native Americans and Early Exploration
Before European settlers arrived, the land that would become Avery County was inhabited by the Cherokee Nation. The Cherokee people, who had a complex social structure and lived in the mountainous regions of what is now North Carolina, were the primary occupants of the area for centuries. They used the region’s diverse resources for agriculture, hunting, and trading. Avery County’s location in the Appalachian Mountains provided a perfect environment for the Cherokee to establish settlements, with rivers and forests supporting both their livelihood and spiritual practices.
The Cherokee presence in the region was significant, and their villages were part of a broader network of trade routes that extended across the southeastern United States. The rivers, such as the Linville and the Toe River, were important for trade and transportation. Despite the native population’s attempts to maintain their land and culture, the Cherokee people were eventually forced from their homeland during the Trail of Tears in the 1830s, as settlers moved into the area.
European Settlement and Early Development
In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, European settlers, mainly from Virginia and other parts of North Carolina, began moving into the mountainous regions of western North Carolina. These early settlers were drawn by the area’s fertile land, timber resources, and natural beauty. They began clearing land for agriculture, establishing farms, and building homes.
The arrival of settlers in what would become Avery County led to tension with the Cherokee, whose land was increasingly encroached upon by European settlers. The end of the Revolutionary War and the creation of North Carolina as a state in 1789 marked the beginning of new settlement efforts in the western part of the state. However, it wasn’t until the early 19th century that significant communities began to form in the area.
Avery County was originally part of Watauga County and later Caldwell County. In 1833, a portion of what would become Avery County was incorporated into the newly formed Mitchell County. The area remained largely rural and agricultural, with the economy based on farming, lumber, and mining, all of which were made possible by the region’s natural resources.
Formation of Avery County
The Creation of Avery County
Avery County was officially formed in 1911, carved out of parts of Mitchell, Watauga, and Caldwell Counties. The formation of the county was driven by the region’s increasing population and the desire of local residents to establish a more localized government. Named after Colonel Waightstill Avery, a prominent lawyer and North Carolina’s first Attorney General, the county was officially recognized by the North Carolina General Assembly.
The decision to create the county reflected the growing importance of the region in the state’s economy and society. Avery County was strategically located along key transportation routes, including the Appalachian Mountains, and its fertile land and timber resources were seen as valuable assets for future development.
In the early 20th century, the county’s economy was driven by agriculture, mining, and timber, with small towns and communities developing around farming and lumber industries. The construction of railroads also made it easier to transport goods from Avery County to other parts of North Carolina, further stimulating the local economy.
Early 20th Century Growth and Challenges
Following its formation, Avery County struggled with challenges typical of rural communities in the early 1900s. Like many other Appalachian counties, the area faced isolation from larger cities, and its economy was primarily dependent on subsistence farming and industries like lumber and mining. The region also struggled with limited infrastructure, including roads and schools.
Despite these challenges, the natural beauty of the county began to attract visitors in the early 20th century, particularly in the summer months. Visitors came to enjoy the cool mountain climate and pristine landscapes, including Linville Gorge and Grandfather Mountain. In the 1920s and 1930s, Avery County began to develop a reputation as a tourist destination, which provided an economic boost to the area.
20th Century: Economic Development and Preservation
The Tourism Boom
In the mid-20th century, Avery County experienced a surge in tourism due to its proximity to famous natural landmarks like Grandfather Mountain and Linville Falls. The opening of the Blue Ridge Parkway in the 1930s, which runs along the edge of the county, further increased tourism, and towns like Banner Elk, Linville, and Newland saw population growth as visitors flocked to the area to experience its outdoor offerings, including hiking, fishing, and sightseeing.
Grandfather Mountain, one of the county’s most famous landmarks, became a major draw for tourists. The mountain’s iconic “mile-high” swinging bridge, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape, became a symbol of Avery County. As tourism increased, so did the construction of cabins, resorts, and other accommodations to cater to visitors.
However, as tourism grew, so did concerns about the preservation of Avery County’s natural resources and the potential for overdevelopment. Efforts were made to protect the county’s natural beauty and maintain its status as a rural retreat.
The Decline of Mining and Agriculture
By the latter half of the 20th century, Avery County’s traditional industries, including mining and timber, began to decline. The advent of mechanization in agriculture and the depletion of natural resources contributed to the loss of jobs in these sectors. However, tourism emerged as a key driver of the local economy.
Agriculture remained an important part of the county’s identity, with many small farms continuing to operate, particularly in the production of apples, a crop that thrives in the region’s temperate climate. Apples became an important part of Avery County’s agricultural heritage, and the region hosts an annual Apple Festival that celebrates this crop and its historical significance.
21st Century: Growth and Preservation of History
Modern-Day Avery County
Today, Avery County remains a rural but thriving community with a blend of agricultural, tourist, and residential development. It is home to a mix of year-round residents, second-homeowners, and tourists, and the local economy benefits from a combination of farming, retail, tourism, and small-scale manufacturing.
The county is known for its commitment to preserving its rich natural and cultural history while adapting to the modern era. Avery County’s scenic beauty, including its high mountain peaks, waterfalls, and wildlife, continues to attract visitors from around the world. Efforts to preserve the area’s natural environment, including land conservation projects and the protection of Grandfather Mountain, have ensured that the county remains an appealing destination for generations to come.
Historical Sites in Avery County
1. Grandfather Mountain
Overview
Grandfather Mountain is perhaps Avery County’s most iconic landmark. Standing at 5,946 feet, it is one of the highest peaks in the Blue Ridge Mountains and offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape. The mountain is home to the Grandfather Mountain State Park and the famous “Mile-High Swinging Bridge.” Visitors can enjoy hiking trails, wildlife exhibits, and scenic vistas. The mountain is also known for its rugged terrain and diverse plant and animal life, making it a popular destination for nature enthusiasts.
Location
Mile High Swinging Bridge, Grandfather Mountain, Linville, NC
Ticket Price
$22 for adults, $9 for children (age 4–12)
Parking Information
Parking is available at the Grandfather Mountain entrance, with ample space for visitors.
2. Linville Falls
Overview
Linville Falls is one of the most picturesque natural attractions in Avery County. Located within the Pisgah National Forest, the falls offer multiple viewing points and a range of hiking trails. The area is known for its spectacular views and the majestic Linville Gorge, often referred to as the “Grand Canyon of North Carolina.” Linville Falls attracts visitors year-round, particularly in the fall when the leaves change color.
Location
Linville Falls, Pisgah National Forest, Linville, NC
Ticket Price
Free (Parking fee at the visitor center)
Parking Information
There is a parking area located near the falls’ main viewing area, with additional parking at the visitor center.
3. Banner Elk Historical Museum
Overview
The Banner Elk Historical Museum preserves the history of Banner Elk, a small town that has been at the heart of Avery County’s development. The museum showcases artifacts and exhibits related to the town’s founding, including early settler tools, farming equipment, and local photographs. The museum also offers insight into the town’s transformation into a popular tourist destination, particularly in the ski and recreation industries.
Location
185 A Winklers Creek Rd, Banner Elk, NC
Ticket Price
Free (Donations encouraged)
Parking Information
Ample parking is available on-site.
4. The Avery County Heritage Museum
Overview
The Avery County Heritage Museum in Newland is dedicated to preserving the history and culture of Avery County. The museum’s exhibits cover the county’s early settlement, its role in the Civil War, and its agricultural and mining history. The museum also hosts events that celebrate Avery County’s traditions and cultural heritage.
Location
175 Main St, Newland, NC
Ticket Price
Free (Donations encouraged)
Parking Information
Free parking is available in the museum lot.
County Facts
Geography and Climate
Avery County is located in the western part of North Carolina, nestled in the Appalachian Mountains. The county is characterized by its mountainous terrain, with numerous high peaks, valleys, and gorges, making it a popular destination for outdoor activities such as hiking, skiing, and fishing. The climate is typically temperate, with warm summers and cold winters, often bringing snowfall to the higher elevations.
Key Facts
- Year Founded: 1911
- County Seat: Newland
- Population: 17,000 (estimated 2020)
- Population Density: 52 people per square mile
- Largest Cities: Banner Elk, Newland, Crossnore
- Major Highways: U.S. Route 19E, North Carolina Highway 105, North Carolina Highway 181
- Adjacent Counties: Watauga County (north), Caldwell County (east), Burke County (southeast), Mitchell County (west)