Philippines Facts

by countryaah · Published June 3, 2019 · Updated December 12, 2024

Philippines, Southeast Asian State; 300,000 km², 106.6 million residents (2019).The Philippines is an island nation in the western Pacific Ocean, northeast of Indonesia, and consists of about 7,100 islands, of which about 880 are inhabited. The two largest are Luzon (104 690 km² ) in the north and Mindanao (94 630 km² ) in the south. Between these are many smaller islands, which together form the Visayas. The Sulu Islands are located southwest of Mindanao. Administratively, the country is divided into the capital region of Manila, the autonomous region of Muslim Mindanao and 79 provinces merged into 17 regions. Manila is located on Luzon and had 187 million residents in the administrative delimited city and 12.9 million in the urban area in 2015.

On November 8, 2013, the country was hit by a tropical cyclone. Most severely damaged were the middle parts of the country; On the island of Leyte, great material damage was caused and thousands of people are feared to have died. The cyclone, which was named Haiyan, had an average wind speed of about 87 m / s, and is one of the strongest observed.

Country facts

Republic of Pilipinas / Republic of the Philippines
Country abbreviation: PH
Area: 300 000 km²
Population (2019): 106.6 million residents
Capital: Manila
Main languages: pilipino (tagalog), english
State: Republic
Head of State and Head of Government: Rodrigo Duterte (President)
Per capita GDP (2018): US $ 3 103
GNI per capita (2018): US $ 3,830
Currency unit: 1 Philippine peso = 100 centavos
Currency code: PHP
Country number (telephony): 63
Internet domain name: ph
Time difference compared to Sweden: +7
National Day: June 12 (Declaration of Independence, 1898)

Nature

Land use: forest (24%), agricultural land (40%), other (36%)
Highest mountain: Apo (2,954 m above sea level)

Population

Population density (2019): 355 residents per km²
Natural population growth (2019): 1.5%; birthrate 21 ‰, deathrate 6 ‰
Age structure (2019): 0-14 years (31%), 15-64 (66%), 65- (5%)
Average life expectancy (2019): men 67 years, women 70 years
Infant mortality (2019): 21 per 1,000 live births
Population forecast 2050: 144 million residents
HDI (2017): 0.699 (place 113 of 189)
Urbanization rate (2019): 47%
Most populous cities (2015): Manila (12.9 million residents), Davao (1.6 million)

Business

Industry’s contribution to GDP (2017): agriculture (10%), industry (31%), service (59%)
Exports (2017): US $ 48,200 million
Main export products: electronic components, machinery and transport equipment, textile products
Main exporting countries: Japan, USA, China
Imports (2017): US $ 89 390 million
Main import products: semi-finished products, machinery and transport equipment, fuel
Main importing countries: China, Japan, South Korea
Railway network (2017): 77 km

Geography of the Philippines

Location and Borders

The Philippines is an archipelago located in Southeast Asia, situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of approximately 7,641 islands, divided into three main geographical regions: Luzon in the north, Visayas in the central region, and Mindanao in the south. The country is bordered by the Philippine Sea to the east, the South China Sea to the west, and the Celebes Sea to the south. It is separated from mainland Asia by the Bashi Channel to the north and the Sulu Sea to the southwest.

The strategic location of the Philippines has made it a critical point for maritime trade throughout history, and it has served as a crossroads for various cultures and civilizations. Despite its relatively small land area compared to other countries, the Philippines’ diverse island geography contributes to its varied ecosystems, cultures, and languages.

Terrain and Landscape

The Philippines is known for its highly diverse terrain, which includes mountains, plains, valleys, and extensive coastlines. The country is mostly mountainous, with the Sierra Madre mountain range in the eastern part of Luzon, the Caraballo mountains in the central region, and the Cordillera Central mountain range in the north of Luzon. Mount Apo, located on Mindanao, is the highest peak in the country, standing at 2,954 meters (9,692 feet). The mountains are rich in biodiversity and provide vital resources for agriculture and tourism.

Aside from mountains, the Philippines is home to numerous rivers, lakes, and volcanoes. It has an extensive coastline, which is dotted with beautiful beaches, tropical forests, and coral reefs. The country’s coastal areas are crucial for fishing, tourism, and transportation. The Philippines also has numerous active volcanoes, including Mount Mayon and Mount Taal, both of which have erupted in recent years, underscoring the country’s position within the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Natural Resources

The Philippines is rich in natural resources, which have been integral to its economic development. The country is abundant in mineral resources, particularly gold, copper, nickel, and chromite. Additionally, the Philippines has vast forest reserves, although deforestation has been a significant concern due to logging and illegal activities. Agriculture also plays a crucial role in the economy, with the country producing crops like rice, corn, coconuts, sugar, bananas, and pineapples.

The Philippines is an important source of marine resources, as it has some of the world’s most diverse marine ecosystems. Fishing is a significant industry in the Philippines, with the country being one of the largest producers of fish and seafood in the world. The Philippines also benefits from a substantial renewable energy capacity, particularly through hydropower, geothermal energy, and a growing solar energy sector.

Climate of the Philippines

General Climate Zones

The Philippines has a tropical maritime climate, characterized by high humidity and temperatures that vary little throughout the year. The country experiences three main seasons: the dry season, the rainy season, and the wet season.

Dry Season: The dry season typically runs from December to May. During this time, the country experiences warm and sunny weather, making it the peak season for tourism. This period is especially important for agricultural activities such as planting and harvesting.
Rainy Season: The rainy season occurs from June to November, particularly influenced by the southwest monsoon. It is marked by frequent rainfall, heavy storms, and the possibility of typhoons. During this period, the Philippines faces the highest risk of natural disasters, including floods and landslides.
Wet Season: This shorter season, between May and June, typically brings sporadic rainfall, especially in the interior regions of the country.

Temperature and Weather Patterns

The Philippines has relatively consistent temperatures throughout the year, with average temperatures ranging from 25°C (77°F) to 32°C (89°F). The hottest months are typically March, April, and May, while December through February tend to be cooler, especially in the northern and mountainous areas.

The country’s location near the equator means that it experiences high levels of solar radiation, contributing to its year-round warm climate. Coastal areas tend to have milder temperatures due to the moderating effects of the ocean, while the interior, particularly in the mountains, can experience more variation in temperature. The rainfall is greatest in the western part of the country, while the eastern and southern areas, particularly Mindanao, are relatively drier.

Environmental Issues

The Philippines faces numerous environmental challenges, particularly due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, which makes it vulnerable to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The country is also highly prone to typhoons and tropical storms, which bring widespread flooding, landslides, and infrastructure damage. Additionally, deforestation, water pollution, and the destruction of coral reefs have been significant issues for the country. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have put pressure on the country’s natural resources, and efforts to protect biodiversity are ongoing.

People of the Philippines

Ethnic Composition

The Philippines is a highly diverse country in terms of its ethnic composition. The majority of the population is of Austronesian descent, and the major ethnic groups include the Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Visayan, and Bicolano peoples. There are also many indigenous groups, such as the Igorot, Lumad, and Moro, who maintain distinct languages, traditions, and lifestyles.

Ethnic diversity is reflected in the various languages spoken throughout the country, with over 170 recognized languages. Filipino, based on Tagalog, is the national language, while English is the official language used in government, education, and business. Many Filipinos are multilingual, speaking both their local language and one or more of the national languages.

Language and Religion

The Philippines is a predominantly Christian country, with Roman Catholicism being the dominant religion, accounting for around 80% of the population. The Catholic Church has a significant influence on Filipino culture, particularly in terms of festivals, holidays, and daily life. Protestantism is also practiced, especially in certain regions of the country, and the Philippines is home to a significant Muslim population, primarily in the southern island of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago.

Filipino and English are the official languages of the Philippines, and they are used in government, education, and commerce. Filipino is based on the Tagalog language and is the lingua franca spoken by people from different regions. In addition to Filipino and English, there are hundreds of regional languages and dialects spoken across the islands, including Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, and Waray. This linguistic diversity reflects the cultural complexity of the Philippines.

Population and Demographics

The population of the Philippines is estimated to be around 113 million people, making it the 13th most populous country in the world. The population is young, with a median age of around 25 years, and a significant proportion of the population is under the age of 30. This youthful demographic presents both opportunities and challenges in terms of education, employment, and social services.

The population is heavily concentrated in urban areas, particularly in the National Capital Region (NCR), which includes Metro Manila, the country’s largest metropolitan area. Other major cities include Cebu, Davao, and Quezon City. Rural areas remain home to a large portion of the population, though there has been significant migration to cities in recent decades, driven by economic opportunities.

Economy of the Philippines

Agriculture and Industry

The Philippines’ economy is diverse, with key sectors including agriculture, manufacturing, services, and remittances from overseas Filipinos. Agriculture has traditionally been a major contributor to the country’s economy, with the primary products including rice, coconut, sugarcane, corn, and fruits such as bananas and pineapples. The Philippines is also one of the world’s largest producers of coconuts and coconut products.

In recent years, however, the agricultural sector has faced numerous challenges, including low productivity, inadequate infrastructure, and vulnerability to climate change. Despite these challenges, agriculture remains a significant source of income and employment for millions of Filipinos, especially in rural areas.

The manufacturing sector in the Philippines has also grown significantly, particularly in electronics, textiles, and food processing. The country is a major producer of semiconductors and other electronic components, and the electronics industry is one of the country’s largest export sectors. In addition, the textile and garment industries, as well as food processing, continue to be important drivers of economic growth.

Services and Tourism

The services sector has become the dominant sector in the Philippine economy, contributing to a large portion of GDP and providing employment for a significant portion of the population. Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a rapidly growing industry in the Philippines, particularly in Metro Manila and Cebu. The country is one of the leading destinations for call centers and back-office operations, providing services to clients around the world.

Tourism is also a key contributor to the economy, with the Philippines attracting millions of international visitors annually. The country’s natural beauty, including white sandy beaches, lush jungles, and vibrant coral reefs, as well as its cultural heritage, draws tourists from all over the world. Popular tourist destinations include Boracay, Palawan, Cebu, and Bohol, known for their beaches, diving spots, and historical landmarks.

Economic Challenges and Opportunities

Despite its diverse economy, the Philippines faces several economic challenges. Poverty remains a significant issue, with a considerable portion of the population living below the poverty line. Unemployment and underemployment are also major concerns, particularly in rural areas where access to education and economic opportunities is limited.

However, the Philippines has seen significant growth in recent years, driven by remittances from Filipinos working abroad, strong performance in the BPO sector, and rising investment in infrastructure. The government has prioritized economic development by implementing policies aimed at increasing foreign direct investment, improving education, and fostering innovation.

Government of the Philippines

Political Structure

The Philippines is a democratic republic with a presidential system of government. The country operates under a 1987 constitution, which was enacted after the People Power Revolution that overthrew the regime of President Ferdinand Marcos. The government is divided into three branches: the executive, legislative, and judiciary.

Executive: The president is both the head of state and head of government and is elected for a single six-year term. The president has significant powers, including the ability to enforce laws, set policies, and appoint government officials.
Legislature: The legislature is bicameral, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate has 24 members elected nationwide, while the House of Representatives consists of district representatives and party-list representatives. The legislature is responsible for making laws, approving the budget, and overseeing the executive branch.
Judiciary: The judiciary is independent, with the Supreme Court at its head. It is responsible for interpreting laws and ensuring justice. The country’s legal system is based on civil law, influenced by Spanish and American legal traditions.

Political Developments

The Philippines has a multi-party political system, but political power is often concentrated in a few elite families and dynasties. Political competition is fierce, and elections are held every three years for legislative positions and every six years for the presidency. Despite being a democracy, the political system has faced challenges such as corruption, political patronage, and dynastic politics.

In recent years, the government has focused on combating corruption, improving infrastructure, and addressing poverty. However, issues such as human rights, extrajudicial killings, and press freedom have drawn significant international criticism, particularly under the leadership of President Rodrigo Duterte.

Culture of the Philippines

Traditional Arts and Crafts

Filipino culture is a blend of indigenous, Malay, Spanish, and American influences, reflecting the country’s diverse history. Traditional arts and crafts include weaving, pottery, wood carving, and basket making, which vary by region. The country is known for its colorful and intricate textiles, particularly in the northern regions, such as the Igorot tribes in the Cordillera mountains.

Filipino music is diverse, ranging from traditional folk music to contemporary pop, jazz, and rock. Instruments such as the kulintang (a type of gong), the bandurria (a stringed instrument), and the bamboo flute are often used in Filipino folk music. Modern Filipino artists have embraced a variety of genres, and Filipino pop culture has gained recognition worldwide.

Cuisine

Filipino cuisine is a fusion of various cultural influences, particularly from Malay, Chinese, Spanish, and American traditions. Common ingredients in Filipino dishes include rice, pork, chicken, fish, and a variety of vegetables. Some of the country’s most famous dishes include adobo (a savory stew made with meat, vinegar, soy sauce, and garlic), sinigang (a sour soup), and lechon (roast pig). Rice is the staple food, and meals are often accompanied by condiments like bagoong (fermented shrimp paste) or soy sauce.

Filipino food varies by region, with distinct flavors and techniques used in different areas. For instance, Bicolanos are known for their use of coconut milk and chili, while the Ilocanos are famous for their fermented fish dishes. Street food, such as balut (a boiled duck egg), is also popular in Filipino culture.

Festivals and Holidays

The Philippines is known for its vibrant festivals, which celebrate the country’s religious, cultural, and historical heritage. One of the most famous is the Sinulog Festival in Cebu, which honors the Santo Niño (Holy Child). Other popular festivals include the Ati-Atihan Festival in Kalibo, the Panagbenga Festival in Baguio, and the Pahiyas Festival in Lucban.

Christmas is the most important holiday in the Philippines, with celebrations starting as early as September. The country has a unique Christmas tradition, featuring festive decorations, caroling, and the famous Noche Buena (Christmas Eve feast). Filipino New Year’s Eve is marked by fireworks and a family celebration, while other holidays such as Independence Day and Bonifacio Day commemorate the country’s history of resistance against colonial rule.

History of the Philippines

Early History and Colonization

The Philippines’ history dates back to the arrival of Austronesian-speaking peoples, who are believed to have migrated from Taiwan around 5,000 years ago. Early Filipinos developed distinct cultures and societies, with trade and cultural exchange taking place with neighboring Southeast Asian countries, China, and India.

The Philippines was first encountered by the Spanish in 1521 under Ferdinand Magellan, marking the beginning of more than 300 years of Spanish colonization. The Spanish introduced Christianity to the islands, which remains the dominant religion today. During this period, the Philippines was administered as part of the Spanish Empire, and Manila became a major hub for trade, particularly between Asia and the Americas.

American and Japanese Occupation

After the Spanish-American War in 1898, the Philippines was ceded to the United States. American rule brought significant changes to the country, including modernization of infrastructure, education, and public health. However, it also led to resistance movements, such as the Philippine-American War (1899-1902), which sought independence from American control.

During World War II, the Philippines was occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945, and the country endured great hardship during this period. After the war, the Philippines regained independence from the United States in 1946.

Post-Independence and Modern History

After independence, the Philippines struggled with political instability, corruption, and poverty. In 1965, Ferdinand Marcos became president, and his rule lasted until 1986. Marcos declared martial law in 1972, and his regime was marked by widespread human rights abuses, corruption, and economic decline.

In 1986, the People Power Revolution led to the overthrow of Marcos, and Corazon Aquino became the first female president of the Philippines. Since then, the country has experienced democratic elections, though challenges such as poverty, political dynasties, and corruption continue to affect governance.

The Philippines remains a key player in Southeast Asia, with a growing economy, a rich cultural heritage, and a complex political landscape shaped by its colonial past and struggles for independence.