What is the Capital of South Korea? Seoul
Capital City of South Korea: Seoul
Seoul, the capital and largest city of South Korea, is one of the most dynamic and vibrant metropolises in the world. With its rich history, thriving economy, and modern infrastructure, Seoul stands as a symbol of South Korea’s resilience, innovation, and cultural heritage. The city serves as the political, economic, cultural, and educational center of the country, and its development over the past few decades has been nothing short of remarkable. See Gradphysics for other major cities in South Korea.
City Overview
Located on the Han River, Seoul is situated in the northwestern part of South Korea, near the border with North Korea. The city spans over 605.2 km² and has a population of approximately 9.7 million (2023), making it one of the largest cities in the world by population. Seoul is the heart of South Korea’s economy, contributing a significant portion to the nation’s GDP. The city’s infrastructure includes cutting-edge technology, high-speed transportation networks, and a bustling international airport, making it a major global hub.
- Area: 605.2 km²
- Population: 9.7 million (2023 estimate)
- Time Zone: Korea Standard Time (KST), UTC +9
- Highest Mountain: Mount Bukhansan, which rises to 836.5 meters (2,742 feet) and is part of the Bukhansan National Park, located on the northern outskirts of the city.
- Longest River: Han River – A vital waterway that flows through Seoul and plays a key role in the city’s history, transportation, and recreational spaces.
Major Landmarks in Seoul
Seoul is known for its mixture of ancient historical sites, modern skyscrapers, and beautiful parks. Some of the most iconic landmarks in the city reflect its rich cultural heritage and modern achievements.
- Gyeongbokgung Palace
One of the largest and most famous of the Five Grand Palaces, Gyeongbokgung was built in 1395 during the Joseon Dynasty. It is a symbol of Korean heritage and an architectural masterpiece, with its beautifully restored buildings, gardens, and historical artifacts. The National Palace Museum of Korea and the National Folk Museum are located nearby, showcasing Korean history and culture. - Namsan Seoul Tower (N-Seoul Tower)
Standing at 236 meters (774 feet) on top of Namsan Mountain, this iconic tower offers panoramic views of Seoul and is a popular tourist attraction. Visitors can go up the tower for breathtaking views of the city, especially during sunset. The tower also has restaurants, observation decks, and love locks left by couples. - Bukchon Hanok Village
Bukchon is a traditional Korean village in the heart of the city, showcasing traditional Hanok houses. The village preserves the historical architecture and offers visitors a glimpse into what life was like during the Joseon Dynasty. It is one of the best places to explore traditional Korean culture within the bustling metropolis. - Dongdaemun Design Plaza (DDP)
This futuristic cultural complex, designed by Zaha Hadid, is a blend of modern design, architecture, and culture. It houses exhibition spaces, museums, and design shops and hosts events related to fashion, technology, and design. The DDP has become a symbol of South Korea’s cultural creativity. - Cheonggyecheon Stream
This restored 11 km-long stream flows through downtown Seoul, offering a peaceful green space amidst the urban hustle. It is a popular place for walking, jogging, or simply enjoying the tranquil atmosphere in the heart of the city. - Myeongdong Shopping Street
Myeongdong is one of the busiest shopping districts in Seoul, known for its cosmetic shops, fashion outlets, and trendy cafes. It is a hub for both locals and tourists looking to experience the modern retail culture of Korea. - Lotte World Tower
The tallest building in South Korea, Lotte World Tower, stands at 555 meters (1,819 feet) and features a range of attractions, including shopping malls, a luxury hotel, an observation deck, and restaurants. It is a striking symbol of Seoul’s modernization.
Climate Overview
Seoul experiences a humid continental climate with four distinct seasons: cold winters, warm summers, and mild spring and autumn. Winters are usually cold and dry, with occasional snowfall, while summers are hot and humid, with heavy rainfall during the monsoon season.
Monthly Climate Data for Seoul
| Month | Average Temperature (°C) | Precipitation (mm) | Sunny Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | -5°C | 20 mm | 4 |
| February | -2°C | 18 mm | 6 |
| March | 3°C | 39 mm | 8 |
| April | 10°C | 45 mm | 11 |
| May | 16°C | 60 mm | 12 |
| June | 21°C | 130 mm | 6 |
| July | 25°C | 350 mm | 3 |
| August | 24°C | 300 mm | 3 |
| September | 18°C | 155 mm | 8 |
| October | 12°C | 60 mm | 10 |
| November | 5°C | 30 mm | 8 |
| December | -2°C | 25 mm | 5 |
Other Cities as Capital in South Korea’s History
Historically, Seoul has been the capital of Korea for over 600 years since the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1897). However, there were instances where the capital shifted or was contested:
- Gyeongju (Silla Kingdom Period, 57 BC – 935 AD)
During the Silla Kingdom, Gyeongju served as the capital for over a thousand years. The city is home to many ancient historical sites, including royal tombs and Buddhist temples. It is sometimes referred to as “the museum without walls” due to its rich historical heritage. - Hanyang (Joseon Dynasty, 1392–1897)
Hanyang, modern-day Seoul, served as the capital of the Joseon Dynasty, during which the city flourished in terms of political power, culture, and infrastructure. The Gyeongbokgung Palace and other historical sites in Seoul were built during this period.
Country Facts
- Population: 51.7 million (2023 estimate)
- Area: 100,210 km²
- Largest City: Seoul
- Currency: South Korean Won (KRW)
- Official Language: Korean
- ISO Country Codes: KR (Alpha-2), KOR (Alpha-3)
- Government: Presidential Republic
- Capital: Seoul
- Independence: South Korea gained independence from Japan on August 15, 1945, and was formally established as a republic on August 15, 1948.
Seoul remains the heartbeat of South Korea, embodying the nation’s rapid economic development, rich culture, and innovative spirit. Its blend of ancient traditions and modern technology makes it one of the most exciting cities in the world to visit, live in, and do business.
