Cities and Towns in Nelson County, Kentucky
Founded in 1784, Nelson County is one of 120 counties in the state of Kentucky. Historically, Nelson County was formed from Jefferson County. The city of Bardstown is the county seat. With FIPS code of 179, Nelson County has a population of 47,098 and area of 423 square miles (1,096 km²).
Major Cities and Towns in Nelson County, Kentucky
Bardstown
Area, Population, and Zip Codes:
- Area: 12.9 square miles
- Population: Approximately 13,500 residents
- Zip Code: 40004
- Latitude: 37.8092° N
- Longitude: 85.4669° W
City Location and History:
Bardstown, the county seat of Nelson County, is situated in the heart of Kentucky’s Bluegrass region, about 40 miles southeast of Louisville. Founded in 1780, Bardstown is one of the oldest cities in Kentucky and is rich in history and culture. Known as the “Bourbon Capital of the World,” Bardstown is deeply connected to the bourbon whiskey industry, with several major distilleries such as Heaven Hill and Maker’s Mark nearby. The town played a significant role during the Civil War, serving as a strategic point for both Union and Confederate forces. Bardstown’s historical significance is also reflected in its well-preserved architecture, including Federal, Georgian, and Gothic Revival styles. The city is part of the Kentucky Bourbon Trail, attracting visitors from around the world.
Major Schools and Landmarks:
Bardstown is home to Bardstown High School, Bardstown Middle School, and several private schools, such as Bethlehem High School, which contribute to the town’s educational landscape. Major landmarks include the historic Basilica of St. Joseph Proto-Cathedral, the first Catholic cathedral west of the Allegheny Mountains, and My Old Kentucky Home State Park, which preserves the mansion that inspired Stephen Foster’s song “My Old Kentucky Home.” The Oscar Getz Museum of Whiskey History is another popular attraction, showcasing the town’s bourbon heritage.
Bloomfield
Area, Population, and Zip Codes:
- Area: 1.2 square miles
- Population: Approximately 1,000 residents
- Zip Code: 40008
- Latitude: 37.9084° N
- Longitude: 85.3211° W
City Location and History:
Bloomfield is a small city located in the northeastern part of Nelson County, approximately 10 miles northeast of Bardstown. Established in 1819, Bloomfield was originally called Middleburg but was renamed due to its blooming flowers and orchards. The city developed as a center for agriculture and trade, with its location on the Chaplin River helping support early commerce. Tobacco farming, in particular, played a large role in the area’s economy throughout the 19th century. Bloomfield retains much of its historical charm, with a number of 19th-century buildings still standing along its main streets. While small in size, the city has maintained a strong sense of community and pride in its history, with many events and festivals celebrating its heritage.
Major Schools and Landmarks:
Bloomfield is served by Bloomfield Elementary School and Thomas Nelson High School, both of which are part of the Nelson County School District. Major landmarks include the Bloomfield Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its well-preserved examples of Federal, Greek Revival, and Victorian architecture. The Old Bloomfield Meeting House, a historic church, and the Bloomfield Chaplin River Bridge, an iconic stone bridge, are other notable sites. The city also hosts annual events such as the Bloomfield Spring Festival, which draws visitors to enjoy local crafts, food, and entertainment.
New Haven
Area, Population, and Zip Codes:
- Area: 1.2 square miles
- Population: Approximately 900 residents
- Zip Code: 40051
- Latitude: 37.6595° N
- Longitude: 85.5894° W
City Location and History:
New Haven is located in the southern part of Nelson County, about 14 miles south of Bardstown. The city was founded in 1820 and was originally known as Pottinger’s Landing, a stop along the Rolling Fork River where steamboats would unload goods. With the arrival of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad in the mid-19th century, the town grew rapidly and was renamed New Haven. The railroad provided significant economic opportunities, and New Haven became a hub for the shipment of agricultural products, especially corn and wheat. Over time, however, the city’s growth slowed as the railroad’s importance declined, but it has managed to preserve its rich heritage, particularly in relation to Kentucky’s early transportation history.
Major Schools and Landmarks:
New Haven is home to St. Catherine Academy, a private Catholic school, and is also served by public schools in Nelson County. Major landmarks include the Kentucky Railway Museum, which offers visitors a chance to explore the state’s railroad history through exhibits and train rides. The historic St. Catherine Church, established in the early 19th century, is a significant religious landmark in the community. Another popular site is the New Haven–Rolling Fork Bridge, an iconic metal truss bridge that connects the town to neighboring areas. New Haven also hosts an annual Iron Horse Festival, which celebrates its railroad history with parades, live music, and family-friendly activities.
Fairfield
Area, Population, and Zip Codes:
- Area: 0.1 square miles
- Population: Approximately 100 residents
- Zip Code: 40020
- Latitude: 37.9292° N
- Longitude: 85.3756° W
City Location and History:
Fairfield is a small, historic town located in the northern part of Nelson County, about 15 miles north of Bardstown. Founded in the early 19th century, Fairfield began as a small settlement serving local farmers. The town experienced growth during the 1800s when it became a regional trading post for the surrounding agricultural communities. Tobacco and livestock farming were the town’s primary economic activities, with several general stores and blacksmith shops serving the local population. Although its population and commercial activity have dwindled over the years, Fairfield has maintained its rural charm and historical significance. Today, it is a quiet town with a strong sense of heritage.
Major Schools and Landmarks:
Fairfield’s small size means that it relies on nearby towns like Bardstown and Bloomfield for schooling, including public schools such as Bloomfield Middle School and Nelson County High School. Landmarks in Fairfield include several historic homes and the old Fairfield Baptist Church, which has been a focal point for the town’s religious community since the early 1800s. The town is known for its peaceful countryside and historic structures that give visitors a glimpse into 19th-century rural life in Kentucky. Fairfield also hosts small local events that celebrate its agricultural roots and community spirit, such as harvest festivals and farmer’s markets.
