What is the Capital of Jordan? Amman
Capital City of Jordan: Amman
City Overview
Amman, the capital city of Jordan, is the largest city in the country and serves as its political, economic, and cultural hub. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with a history that spans over 7,000 years. The city has witnessed the rise and fall of several ancient civilizations, including the Ammonites, Romans, Byzantines, and Ottomans.
Amman is located in the northwestern part of Jordan, sitting on a series of hills in the Jordan Rift Valley, which lies between the Dead Sea and the Syrian Desert. Today, Amman is a bustling metropolis known for its dynamic growth, with modern infrastructure, a vibrant cultural scene, and a mix of contemporary and traditional Arabic influences.
Historically, Amman has served as the seat of power for numerous empires, and its rich archaeological heritage continues to draw interest from historians and travelers alike. In modern times, the city has grown rapidly, especially since Jordan gained independence in 1946. Amman has become an essential center for regional politics, finance, and trade.
Amman is not only known for its historical significance but also for its status as a thriving cosmopolitan city. It is home to a growing expatriate population, foreign embassies, and a range of international organizations. The city’s blend of ancient ruins and modern architecture makes it a fascinating destination for visitors.
City Facts
- Area: Approximately 1,680 km²
- Population: Over 4 million (2023 estimate)
- Time Zone: Jordan Time (UTC+2), Jordan Summer Time (UTC+3) (DST)
- Highest Mountain: Jabal Umm al-Dami – At 1,854 meters (6,049 feet), Jabal Umm al-Dami is the highest point in Jordan, located in the Jordanian Desert near the border with Saudi Arabia.
- Longest River: Jordan River – The Jordan River is the longest river in Jordan, flowing from the Mount Hermon area in Syria and emptying into the Dead Sea. The river serves as the natural boundary between Jordan and Israel.
Amman’s development as the capital of Jordan reflects the country’s evolution from a relatively quiet and agricultural society to a modern urban center. The city is strategically positioned to be a major player in the Middle East, with key infrastructure, historical importance, and strong international connections.
Major Landmarks
Amman is home to a variety of historical and cultural landmarks that reflect the city’s ancient roots and modern-day growth. Some of its most significant sites include:
1. The Citadel (Jabal al-Qala’a)
One of the most important archaeological sites in Amman, the Citadel sits atop one of the city’s highest hills and offers sweeping views of the surrounding areas. The Citadel dates back to ancient times, with structures from the Ammonite, Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic periods. Key features of the site include the Temple of Hercules, the Umayyad Palace, and the Jordan Archaeological Museum.
2. Roman Theatre
Built in the 2nd century AD during the Roman period, the Roman Theatre is one of the largest and most well-preserved in the world. With a capacity of over 6,000 spectators, it was used for a variety of performances and public events. The theatre remains an important cultural venue and a symbol of Amman’s Roman past.
3. King Abdullah I Mosque
One of the most recognizable landmarks in the city, the King Abdullah I Mosque is known for its striking blue dome. It was built in honor of King Abdullah I and is the largest mosque in Amman. The mosque is open to visitors and offers a chance to observe Islamic architecture and traditions.
4. The Royal Automobile Museum
The Royal Automobile Museum in Amman houses a stunning collection of vintage cars, many of which belonged to Jordan’s royal family. The museum reflects the personal tastes and history of the Jordanian monarchy and is a must-see for car enthusiasts and history buffs.
5. Rainbow Street
A popular area for both locals and tourists, Rainbow Street is known for its lively atmosphere, cafés, restaurants, and historic sites. It is a central part of the old city, and its winding streets provide visitors with a glimpse of local life, as well as access to shops and cultural attractions.
6. Jordan Museum
The Jordan Museum is dedicated to showcasing the country’s cultural heritage. It is home to a wealth of artifacts, including the famous Dead Sea Scrolls, and exhibits that trace the history of Jordan from ancient times through the modern era.
Climate Overview
Amman experiences a Mediterranean climate with distinct seasons, characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. The city’s location on a series of hills in the Jordan Rift Valley means that temperatures can vary considerably, particularly between day and night. The climate also varies depending on the elevation, with the surrounding highlands experiencing cooler temperatures than the valleys.
Monthly Climate Overview
| Month | Average Temperature (°C) | Precipitation (mm) | Sunny Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 9 | 63 | 9 |
| February | 10 | 51 | 9 |
| March | 13 | 35 | 12 |
| April | 17 | 17 | 16 |
| May | 21 | 7 | 19 |
| June | 26 | 1 | 22 |
| July | 30 | 0 | 27 |
| August | 30 | 0 | 26 |
| September | 26 | 4 | 21 |
| October | 19 | 22 | 18 |
| November | 14 | 41 | 12 |
| December | 10 | 61 | 8 |
Amman’s winters are mild, with temperatures ranging from 6°C to 13°C and occasional rainfall. The summer months, from June to August, are hot and dry, with temperatures often exceeding 30°C. Amman enjoys a relatively low level of rainfall, especially during the summer months, with most of the precipitation occurring between November and March.
Other Cities That Have Served as Capital in Jordan’s History
Philadelphia (present-day Amman) – Early History
In ancient times, the area that is now Amman was known as Philadelphia, a key city in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. It was founded by the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt and named after the Greek ruler Ptolemy II Philadelphus. As the region became part of the Roman Empire, Philadelphia was known for its cultural significance. After the Arab Muslim conquest in the 7th century, the city lost much of its prominence until it was re-established as the capital of modern Jordan.
Country Facts: Jordan
General Country Information
- Population: 10.5 million (2023)
- Area: 89,342 km²
- Largest City: Amman
- Currency: Jordanian Dinar (JOD)
- Official Language: Arabic
- ISO Country Codes: JO (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2), JOR (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3)
- Government: Constitutional Monarchy
- King: King Abdullah II
- Independence: May 25, 1946 (from British Mandate)
Jordan is a small but strategically important country located in the Middle East, bordering Syria to the north, Iraq to the east, Saudi Arabia to the south and southeast, and Israel and the Palestinian territories to the west. Despite its modest size, Jordan plays a critical role in regional diplomacy, with its central location making it a key ally for Western powers in the Middle East.
Jordan has a rich history and is home to several famous archaeological sites, including Petra, Jerash, and the Dead Sea. The country’s leadership has been committed to political stability, despite challenges in the region, and Jordan continues to foster strong international relations.
